Metformin Monotherapy Alters the Human Plasma Lipidome Independent of Clinical Markers of Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Type 2 Diabetes Clinical Cohort.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising pandemic worldwide. Diet and lifestyle changes are typically the first intervention for T2D. When this intervention fails, the biguanide metformin is the most common pharmaceutical therapy.

Plasma Prostaglandin E Metabolite Levels Predict Type 2 Diabetes Status and One-Year Therapeutic Response Independent of Clinical Markers of Inflammation.

Over half of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unable to achieve blood glucose targets despite therapeutic compliance, significantly increasing their risk of long-term complications. Discovering ways to identify and properly treat these individuals is a critical problem in the field. The arachidonic acid metabolite, prostaglandin E (PGE), has shown great promise as a biomarker of β-cell dysfunction in T2D.

Human Islet Expression Levels of Prostaglandin E Synthetic Enzymes, But Not Prostaglandin EP3 Receptor, Are Positively Correlated with Markers of β-Cell Function and Mass in Nondiabetic Obesity.

Elevated islet production of prostaglandin E (PGE), an arachidonic acid metabolite, and expression of prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3 (EP3) are well-known contributors to the β-cell dysfunction of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, many of the same pathophysiological conditions exist in obesity, and little is known about how the PGE production and signaling pathway influences nondiabetic β-cell function. In this work, plasma arachidonic acid and PGE metabolite levels were quantified in a cohort of nondiabetic and T2D human subjects to identify their relationship with glycemic control, obesity, and systemic inflammation.