Taurine stimulation of planarian motility: a role for the dopamine receptor pathway.

Taurine, a normal dietary component that is found in many tissues, is considered important for a number of physiological processes. It is thought to play a particular role in eye development and in the maturation of both the muscular and nervous systems, leading to its suggested use as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Taurine increases metabolism and has also been touted as a weight loss aid.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Underlying Health Status of Patients Treated for Stroke in the Emergency Department of a Community Hospital Situated in a Health Professional Shortage Area.

Background Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are known contributors to the incidence of stroke. These and other risk factors such as smoking can be managed with effective primary care, but living in a medically underserved area and racial background can limit access, thereby deleteriously affecting underlying medical conditions and disproportionately contributing to negative stroke outcomes. Our goal is to learn about the on-admission health of 1,731 stroke patients who presented to the Crouse Hospital emergency department (ED) between January 2019 and January 2021 to better understand the circumstances affecting these patients.

A DIO2 missense mutation and its impact on fetal response to PRRSV infection.

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) infection during late gestation substantially lowers fetal viability and survival. In a previous genome-wide association study, a single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 7 was significantly associated with probability of fetuses being viable in response to maternal PRRSV-2 infection at 21 days post maternal inoculation. The iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2) gene, located ~ 14 Kilobase downstream of this SNP, was selected as a priority candidate related to fetal susceptibility following maternal PRRSV-2 infection.

Impact of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on postnatal swine.

Thyroid hormones regulate metabolic rate, nutrient utilization, growth, and development. Swine are susceptible to thyroid suppression in response to disease or environmental conditions, but the physiological impact of such disruption has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of hypothyroidism induced with the antithyroid medication methimazole (MMI).

An Early Evaluation of Remote Site Visits for ACGME Program Applications.

Background: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, accreditation site visit interviews occurred in-person. In response to the pandemic, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) developed a remote site visit protocol.

Objective: To perform an early assessment of the remote accreditation site visits for programs applying for initial ACGME accreditation.

Compensatory mechanisms in response to induced hypothyroidism in the late gestation pig fetus†.

To understand the effect of fetal thyroid gland disruption on development in swine, we evaluated thyroid hormone levels, growth and developmental characteristics, and gene expression associated with thyroid hormone metabolism in late gestation fetuses exposed to methimazole (MMI). Pregnant gilts were given either oral MMI or equivalent sham from gestation day 85-106 (n = 4/group), followed by intensive phenotyping of all fetuses (n = 120). Samples of liver (LVR), kidney (KID), fetal placenta (PLC), and the corresponding maternal endometrium (END) were collected from a subset of fetuses (n = 32).

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus 2 infection of the fetus results in multi-organ cell cycle suppression.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection during late gestation negatively affects fetal development. The objective of this study was to identify the fetal organs most severely impacted following infection, and evaluate the relationship between this response and fetal phenotypes. RNA was extracted from fetal heart, liver, lung, thymus, kidney, spleen, and loin muscle, collected following late gestation viral challenge of pregnant gilts.

Upgrade Rate of Pure Flat Epithelial Atypia Diagnosed at Core Needle Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate the pooled upgrade rate of pure flat epithelial atypia (FEA) diagnosed at core needle biopsy (CNB).

Materials And Methods: A PubMed and Embase database search was performed in December 2019. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species.

Premise: In plant groups with limited intrinsic barriers to gene flow, it is thought that environmental conditions can modulate interspecific genetic exchange. Oaks are known for limited barriers to gene flow among closely related species. Here, we use Quercus as a living laboratory in which to pursue a fundamental question in plant evolution: Do environmental gradients restrict or promote genetic exchange between species?

Methods: We focused on two North American oaks, the rare Quercus dumosa and the widespread Q.

Planarians as models of cadmium-induced neoplasia provide measurable benchmarks for mechanistic studies.

Bioassays of planarian neoplasia highlight the potential of these organisms as useful standards to assess whether environmental toxins such as cadmium promote tumorigenesis. These studies complement other investigations into the exceptional healing and regeneration of planarians - processes that are driven by a population of active stem cells, or neoblasts, which are likely transformed during planarian tumor growth. Our goal was to determine if planarian tumorigenesis assays are amenable to mechanistic studies of cadmium carcinogenesis.

Guarana provides additional stimulation over caffeine alone in the planarian model.

The stimulant effect of energy drinks is primarily attributed to the caffeine they contain. Many energy drinks also contain other ingredients that might enhance the tonic effects of these caffeinated beverages. One of these additives is guarana.

The cognitive effects of chemotherapy in post-menopausal breast cancer patients: a controlled longitudinal study.

Studies suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer (BC) is associated with cognitive impairment related to attention, memory, and visuospatial functioning. However, other studies have failed to confirm that relationship. We report one of the first longitudinal, controlled studies of cognitive effects of chemotherapy in older post-menopausal women.