Integration of health systems science and women's healthcare.

Health systems science addresses the complex interactions in healthcare delivery. At its core, health systems science describes the intricate details required to provide high-quality care to individual patients by assisting them in navigating the multifaceted and often complicated US healthcare delivery system. With advances in technology, informatics, and communication, the modern physician is required to have a strong working knowledge of health systems science to provide effective, low-cost, high-quality care to patients.

To the Point: Integrating the Obstetrics and Gynecology Core Clerkship into a Longitudinal Integrated Curriculum in US Medical Schools.

This article, from the "To the Point" series that is prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is a review of issues to consider when integrating obstetrics and gynecology into a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC) model. The background, objectives, and outcomes related to LIC are discussed. Specific challenges and solutions for structuring an LIC in the context of obstetrics and gynecology are examined, which include student/faculty issues as well as process matters such as general infrastructure and specific curriculum concerns.

To the Point: advising students applying to Obstetrics and Gynecology residency in 2020 and beyond.

This article, from the "To the Point" series by the Undergraduate Medical Education Committee of the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, is a guide for advising medical students applying to Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs. The residency application process is changing rapidly in response to an increasingly complex and competitive atmosphere, with a wider recognition of the stress, expense, and difficulty of matching into graduate training programs. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and societal upheaval make this application cycle more challenging than ever before.

Fostering Inclusive Approaches to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Healthcare on the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship.

This article from the "To the Point" series prepared by the Association of Professors in Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) Undergraduate Medical Education Committee (UMEC) provides educators with strategies for inclusion of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT)-related content into the medical school curriculum. With a focus on the Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) clerkship, we also address ways to enhance visibility of these curricula within existing clinical and teaching experiences.

A National Survey of Profiles of Clerkship Directors in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Objective: To monitor demographics and factors associated with quality of life among obstetrics and gynecology clerkship directors. A secondary goal was to compare current demographics and survey responses to a 1994 survey of clerkship directors.

Methods: A 36-item electronic survey was developed and distributed to the 182 U.

Developing as an Academic Medical Educator in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The lack of a defined framework for advancement and development of professional identity as a medical educator may discourage faculty from pursuing or progressing through a career in academic medical education. Although career advancement has historically been linked to clinical work and research, promotion for teaching has not been supported at the same level. Despite potential challenges, a career in academic medicine has its share of rewards.

To the Point: a prescription for well-being in medical education.

This article is from the "To The Point" series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the importance of well-being in medical education. A literature search was performed by a Reference Librarian who used Ovid/MEDLINE to identify scholarly articles published in English on learner well-being, using the search terms "burnout," "resilience," "wellness," and "physicians" between 1946 and January 11, 2019.

To the point: undergraduate medical education learner mistreatment issues on the learning environment in the United States.

This article, from the To the Point series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is an overview of issues to consider regarding learner mistreatment and its effects on the undergraduate medical education learning environment in the United States. National data from the American Association of Medical Colleges Graduate Questionnaire and local data regarding learner mistreatment provide evidence that the learning environment at most medical schools needs to be improved. The American Association of Medical Colleges' definition of learner mistreatment focuses on active mistreatment, but data on passive mistreatment also contribute to a negative learning environment.

To the Point: The expanding role of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology medical student education.

This article, from the "To the Point" series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) Undergraduate Medical Education Committee (UMEC), provides educators with an overview of the use of simulation in undergraduate medical education in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Simulation plays an important role in the education of medical students. Students are increasingly serving as clinical observers and providing less direct patient care.

To the point: gender differences in the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship.

Gender differences in performance on the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship have been reported, with female students outperforming male students. Male students report that their gender negatively affects their experience during the clerkship. Additionally, there are fewer male students applying for obstetric/gynecology residency.

Barriers and Strategies to Engaging Our Community-Based Preceptors.

Issue: This article, from the "To the Point" series that is prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is a review of commonly cited barriers to recruiting and retaining community-based preceptors in undergraduate medical education and potential strategies to overcome them.

Evidence: Community-based preceptors have traditionally served as volunteer, nonsalaried faculty, with academic institutions relying on intrinsic teaching rewards to sustain this model. However, increasing numbers of learners, the burdens of incorporating the electronic medical record in practice, and increasing demands for clinical productivity are making recruitment and retention of community-based preceptors more challenging.

To the point: medical education, technology, and the millennial learner.

This article, from the "To The Point" series that was prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, provides an overview of the characteristics of millennials and describes how medical educators can customize and reframe their curricula and teaching methods to maximize millennial learning. A literature search was performed to identify articles on generational learning. We summarize the importance of understanding the attitudes, ideas, and priorities of millennials to tailor educational methods to stimulate and enhance learning.

Overcoming Electronic Medical Record Challenges on the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship.

This article, for the "To the Point" series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, supplies educators with a review of best practices regarding incorporation of the electronic medical record (EMR) into undergraduate medical education. The unique circumstances of the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship require specific attention as it pertains to medical student use of the EMR. An outline of the regulatory requirements and authoritative body recommendations provides some guidance for implementation in the undergraduate medical education setting.

To the point: teaching the obstetrics and gynecology medical student in the operating room.

This article, from the "To the Point" series that is prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is a review of considerations for teaching the medical student in the operating room during the obstetrics/gynecology clerkship. The importance of the medical student operating room experience and barriers to learning in the operating room are discussed. Specific considerations for the improvement of medical student learning and operating room experience, which include the development of operating room objectives and specific curricula, an increasing awareness regarding role modeling, and faculty development, are reviewed.

Cervical cancer screening: what's new and what's coming?

In their 2012 guidelines for cervical cancer screening, several organizations call for less-frequent but more-effective screening that incorporates testing for human papillomavirus (HPV). We review these recommendations and the possible future direction of screening.

Teaching evidence based medicine to surgery residents-is journal club the best format? A systematic review of the literature.

Objective: Systematic reviews were performed to assess methods of teaching the evidence-based medicine (EBM) process and determine which format or what components of journal club appear to be most effective in teaching critical appraisal skills to surgical residents and have the highest user satisfaction.

Design: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, AMED, PsychINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar were searched to identify relevant articles. To be included, studies had to provide details about the format of their EBM curriculum or journal club and report on the effectiveness or participant satisfaction.

A moderated journal club is more effective than an Internet journal club in teaching critical appraisal skills: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery (EBRS) is an Internet journal club that is effective in teaching critical appraisal skills to practicing surgeons. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether teaching critical appraisal skills to surgical residents through the Internet is as effective as a moderated in-person journal club.

Study Design: Twelve general surgery programs were cluster-randomized to an Internet group (6 programs; 227 residents; 23 to 47 residents/program) or a moderated journal club (6 programs, 216 residents, 21 to 72 residents/program).

Patients admitted with acute abdominal conditions are at high risk for venous thromboembolism but often fail to receive adequate prophylaxis.

Introduction: The aim was to determine the frequency with which thromboprophylaxis is prescribed, factors predicting its prescription, and the frequency of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients admitted with acute abdominal conditions.

Methods: Charts of patients admitted with acute abdominal conditions that did not have surgery for at least 24 h following admission were audited to identify if thromboprophylaxis was prescribed, if it was prescribed appropriately, factors affecting its prescription, and the rate of symptomatic venous thromboembolism.

Results: Of 350 patients (176 females, mean age 64.

Recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolic resection is not affected by anastomotic type: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Purpose: This study attempts to determine whether stapled side-to-side anastomosis, compared with handsewn end-to-end anastomosis, results in decreased recurrence of Crohn's disease following ileocolic resection.

Methods: Patients with Crohn's disease who underwent an ileocolic resection were randomized to side-to-side anastomosis or end-to-end anastomosis. Colonoscopy was performed at 12 months.

The jungle of quality of life: Mapping measures and meanings for elders.

The literature on quality of life (QOL) can be described as a jungle: vast, dense and difficult to penetrate, especially for those entering the field without a specialist QOL background. While QOL as a term is entwined in an extensive body of work from many disciplines and covering diverse perspectives, it has been most extensively documented and operationalised within the domains of health-related socioeconomic drivers and is largely quantitative in nature. Subjective and qualitative measurement is less fully developed and documented.

Identifying opportunities for quality improvement in surgical site infection prevention.

Background: This study evaluated surgical site infection (SSI) prevention strategies at a network of university hospitals to identify interventions that may be required to improve compliance with guidelines.

Methods: Qualitative methods were used for thematic analysis of institutional tools and protocols, and transcripts of interviews with 7 surgical division heads and 11 professional managers of quality improvement or infection prevention and control at 7 hospitals. They were asked about awareness of, and accountability for, SSI prevention, and current and recommended strategies to promote compliance.

Reflective writing in the competency-based curriculum at the cleveland clinic lerner college of medicine.

The Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University is a five-year medical school where the major emphasis is to train physician investigators. In this article we describe our experience with reflective writing in our competency-based medical school, which has reflective practice as one of the nine core competencies. We outline how we use reflective writing as a way to help students develop their reflective practice skills.