Child Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning from Child Health-and-Rights Professionals across the World.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance of a child rights-based approach to policymaking and crisis management. Anchored in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the 3P framework-provision, protection, and participation-forms the foundation for health professionals advocating for children's rights. Expanding it with two additional domains-preparation and power-into a 5P framework has the potential to enhance child rights-based policies in times of crisis and future pandemics.

What the children tell us: the COVID-19 pandemic and how the world should respond.

While the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures have had a devastating impact on children and youth (CY), they were rarely consulted or their views incorporated into the approaches to address the pandemic.The main objective of this review is to present the voices and opinions of CY relative to the impact of the first year of the pandemic, on their lives and the lives of their families, and to present their recommendations as a call to action to adults and governments.The origin of this review was an iterative consultation process involving an international collective of Child Health professionals specialising in Child Rights.

Assessment of parental nurturing and associated social, economic, and political factors among children in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territory (WB/oPt).

Background: Parental nurturing expressed through love and affection is a broad concept that entails caring for children and their activities, encouraging them and praising their achievements. Lack of love and affection makes children more susceptible to psychological problems such as stress, anxiety and depression across their life time. This study aims to evaluate parental nurturing and associated social, economic, and political factors among Palestinian children living in the West Bank (WB).

Child abuse in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territory (WB/oPt): social and political determinants.

Background: Child maltreatment is a global epidemic. It affects morbidity, mortality, social behavior, wellbeing, and quality of life of children. This study aims to assess prevalence of child abuse in the West Bank (WB) of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) and to determine some of its social and political associated factors.

Effect of gender on childhood maltreatment in the state of Qatar: Retrospective study.

Background: International maltreatment studies show a range of results for overall rates of child maltreatment and gender differences. The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools (ICAST) were designed to reduce variability in data collection.

Objective: To investigate the influence of gender on the experiences of discipline and maltreatment in childhood among young people in Qatar, informingpractice and policy development.

Hunter and New England Diabetes Alliance: innovative and integrated diabetes care delivery in general practice.

Evidence-based standardised diabetes care is difficult to achieve in the community due to resource limitations, and lack of equitable access to specialist care leads to poor clinical outcomes. This study reports a quality improvement program in diabetes health care across a large health district challenged with significant rural and remote geography and limited specialist workforce. An integrated diabetes care model was implemented, linking specialist teams with primary care teams through capacity enhancing case-conferencing in general practice supported by comprehensive performance feedback with regular educational sessions.

Comparing disciplinary methods used by mothers in Palestine and Qatar.

This paper explores child disciplinary methods used by parents in Qatar and Palestine. In this study ICAST-P, an internationally recognized tool, was used with mothers reporting on one of their children up to their 12th birthday. It questions about disciplinary methods: nonviolent; physical: moderate and severe; and psychological methods that had been used in the previous year on the index child in the family.

Large-Scale Implementation of Structured Reporting of Adnexal Masses on Ultrasound.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to describe the development and implementation of structured reporting of adnexal mass findings on pelvic ultrasound in a large integrated health care delivery system.

Methods: A structured reporting system that includes standardized terminology for describing adnexal masses on ultrasound was developed by a multidisciplinary team of radiologists, gynecologists, and gynecologic oncologists on the basis of literature review and internal data. The system uses a reporting template that requires radiologists to assign abnormal adnexal masses to one of five possible categories on the basis of standardized criteria: category 0, 1, 2, or 3 for masses <10 cm, to reflect increasing concern for malignancy, and category X for masses >10 cm.

Hunter and New England HealthPathways: a 4-year journey of integrated care.

Objective This paper describes the 4-year journey of Hunter and New England HealthPathways - a password-protected web-based portal designed to provide localised evidence-informed clinical and referral information to support general practice at the point of care. Methods A process evaluation was conducted in 2013, with a case study comparison performed in 2014 to assess impact of HealthPathways on patient referral and access to specialist care, followed by a review in 2016 of utilisation of the online portal to assess whether healthcare providers continued to access HealthPathways. Results Increased utilisation was correlated with an increase in the number of pathways published online.

Child discipline in Qatar and Palestine: A comparative study of ICAST-R.

To compare the nature and determinants of child discipline in Qatar and Palestine among young adults through retrospective survey to develop legislation, policies and interventions for effective prevention of child maltreatment, and educational materials to promote positive discipline among parents and caregivers. Cross-sectional random household surveys were conducted in each country (Qataris N=697, Palestinians N=2064) using ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Retrospective (ICAST-R) for young adults (18-24 years), to investigate child discipline methods into the maltreatment range. Qatari young adults were more educated (p<0.

A profile of hospice-at-home physiotherapy for community-dwelling palliative care patients.

Aim: To profile a specialised palliative care physiotherapy service to community-dwelling patients.

Design: Retrospective audit.

Setting: Milford Care Centre, Limerick, Ireland.

Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma causing a unilateral pleural effusion: a case report.

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a common neoplasm, but it is only rarely associated with serous effusions. The cytologic features of metastatic TCC in pleural effusions have been described only in occasional studies. One feature that raises the possibility of metastatic TCC in this setting is the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (ECIs).

Leafhopper-induced plant resistance enhances predation risk in a phytophagous beetle.

Many herbivores elicit biochemical, physiological, or morphological changes in their host plants that render them more resistant to co-occurring herbivores. Yet, despite the large number of studies that investigate how induced resistance affects herbivore preference and performance, very few have simultaneously explored the cascading effects of induction on higher trophic levels and consequences for prey suppression. In our study system, early-season herbivory by leafhoppers elevated plant resistance to subsequent attack by chrysomelid beetles sharing the same host plant.

Host-plant-mediated competition via induced resistance: interactions between pest herbivores on potatoes.

Plant-mediated competition among insect herbivores occurs when one species induces changes in plant chemistry, nutrition, or morphology that render plants resistant to attack by others. We explored plant-mediated interspecific interactions between the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) and the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), two important pests on potatoes. Leafhoppers colonize fields in advance of beetles, and thus the possibility exists that previous feeding by leafhoppers induces changes in potato plants that have adverse consequences for beetles.

Community pediatrics: role of physicians and organizations.

This article focuses on the work of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) related to advocacy and the efforts of the RCPCH to influence the planning and provision of children's services. This should be considered in the context of the current UK government agenda. As the RCPCH agrees with the aims of this agenda, the challenge becomes how to influence the process of achieving them.