First Measurement of ν_{e} and ν_{μ} Interaction Cross Sections at the LHC with FASER's Emulsion Detector.

The first results of the study of high-energy electron neutrino (ν_{e}) and muon neutrino (ν_{μ}) charged-current interactions in the FASERν emulsion-tungsten detector of the FASER experiment at the LHC are presented. A 128.8 kg subset of the FASERν volume was analyzed after exposure to 9.

FOXO4 is necessary for neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.

Proteostasis is critical for maintaining cell function and proteome stability may play an important role in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) immortality. Notably, hESC populations exhibit a high assembly of active proteasomes, a key node of the proteostasis network. FOXO4, an insulin/IGF-1 responsive transcription factor, regulates proteasome activity in hESCs.

Increased proteasome activity in human embryonic stem cells is regulated by PSMD11.

Embryonic stem cells can replicate continuously in the absence of senescence and, therefore, are immortal in culture. Although genome stability is essential for the survival of stem cells, proteome stability may have an equally important role in stem-cell identity and function. Furthermore, with the asymmetric divisions invoked by stem cells, the passage of damaged proteins to daughter cells could potentially destroy the resulting lineage of cells.

The metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells reveals metabolic changes occurring in somatic cell reprogramming.

Metabolism is vital to every aspect of cell function, yet the metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains largely unexplored. Here we report, using an untargeted metabolomics approach, that human iPSCs share a pluripotent metabolomic signature with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that is distinct from their parental cells, and that is characterized by changes in metabolites involved in cellular respiration. Examination of cellular bioenergetics corroborated with our metabolomic analysis, and demonstrated that somatic cells convert from an oxidative state to a glycolytic state in pluripotency.

Brief report: efficient generation of hematopoietic precursors and progenitors from human pluripotent stem cell lines.

By mimicking embryonic development of the hematopoietic system, we have developed an optimized in vitro differentiation protocol for the generation of precursors of hematopoietic lineages and primitive hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Factors such as cytokines, extra cellular matrix components, and small molecules as well as the temporal association and concentration of these factors were tested on seven different human ESC and iPSC lines. We report the differentiation of up to 84% human CD45+ cells (average 41% ± 16%, from seven pluripotent lines) from the differentiation culture, including significant numbers of primitive CD45+/CD34+ and CD45+/CD34+/CD38- hematopoietic progenitors.

A high proliferation rate is required for cell reprogramming and maintenance of human embryonic stem cell identity.

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells show an atypical cell-cycle regulation characterized by a high proliferation rate and a short G1 phase. In fact, a shortened G1 phase might protect ES cells from external signals inducing differentiation, as shown for certain stem cells. It has been suggested that self-renewal and pluripotency are intimately linked to cell-cycle regulation in ES cells, although little is known about the overall importance of the cell-cycle machinery in maintaining ES cell identity.

Human and mouse adipose-derived cells support feeder-independent induction of pluripotent stem cells.

Although adipose tissue is an expandable and readily attainable source of proliferating, multipotent stem cells, its potential for use in regenerative medicine has not been extensively explored. Here we report that adult human and mouse adipose-derived stem cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with substantially higher efficiencies than those reported for human and mouse fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, both human and mouse iPS cells can be obtained in feeder-free conditions.

9-1-1 responses for shopping cart and stroller injuries.

Background: On average, 24,000 children a year are treated in the emergency departments (EDs) for shopping cart injuries, with over 650 children a year requiring hospital admission. The authors sought to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of children in the community evaluated by paramedics because they were injured in shopping cart or stroller-related incidences.

Methods: Retrospective design in which prehospital patients records were searched for all patients under 14 years old who were injured in an incident involving a shopping cart or stroller and were responded to by paramedics.