Efficacy of nonexcisional treatment modalities for superficially invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are prevalent conditions that are increasing in incidence worldwide. Many nonexcisional treatments are commonly used, but the efficacy of these treatments has not been well delineated.

Objectives: To examine the recurrence rates of SCCIS and SCC treated with nonexcisional treatment modalities.

Overcoming PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance with a Monoclonal Antibody to Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 in Metastatic Osteosarcoma.

Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) promotes the migration/invasion of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) cells and tube formation by endothelial cells. However, its function on T-cells is unknown. We hypothesized that blocking SFRP2 with a humanized monoclonal antibody (hSFRP2 mAb) can restore immunity by reducing CD38 and PD-1 levels, ultimately overcoming resistance to PD-1 inhibitors.

Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Becoming a Medical Professional Among Underrepresented Undergraduate and Postbaccalaureate Learners.

Objective: To assess underrepresented undergraduate and postbaccalaureate learners' perceptions of (1) the medical field, (2) barriers that might prevent individuals from pursuing professional medical careers, and (3) resources that assist in overcoming these barriers.

Participants And Methods: A qualitative study with focus groups was designed to achieve the objective. Participants were recruited from a community initiative to provide early exploration of the medical field to disadvantaged and minority individuals.

Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Clinic Reduces Unnecessary Health Care Expenditure Used in the Workup of Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

Background: National costs of lung cancer care exceed $12 billion. We investigate the resource-savings benefit of a single-day thoracic oncology multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) in the diagnostic period prior to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment.

Materials And Methods: From July 2007 to January 2015, patients with NSCLC treated with multimodality therapy at a tertiary hospital-based cancer center in Maryland were identified.

ALS-associated genes display CNS expression in the developing zebrafish.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive muscle atrophy resulting from the deterioration of motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed several genes linked to ALS, further demonstrating the complexity of the disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an attractive model organism to study the function of the rapidly expanding number of ALS-associated genes, in part, due to the development of genome editing techniques that have facilitated specific gene targeting.

Smoking Cessation, Version 1.2016, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

Cigarette smoking has been implicated in causing many cancers and cancer deaths. There is mounting evidence indicating that smoking negatively impacts cancer treatment efficacy and overall survival. The NCCN Guidelines for Smoking Cessation have been created to emphasize the importance of smoking cessation and establish an evidence-based standard of care in all patients with cancer.