Resource utilization and cost of influenza requiring hospitalization in Canadian adults: A study from the serious outcomes surveillance network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network.

Background: Consideration of cost determinants is crucial to inform delivery of public vaccination programs.

Objectives: To estimate the average total cost of laboratory-confirmed influenza requiring hospitalization in Canadians prior to, during, and 30 days following discharge. To analyze effects of patient/disease characteristics, treatment, and regional differences in costs.

A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Brentuximab Vedotin in Relapsed or Refractory Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of brentuximab vedotin in patients with R/R sALCL from a UK NHS perspective. A partitioned survival model used clinical outcomes for brentuximab vedotin from the pivotal phase-2 single-arm trial of brentuximab vedotin in 58 patients with R/R sALCL (SG035-0004; NCT00866047), over a lifetime (30-year) time horizon. Comparison with conventional chemotherapy was based on data from the Canadian British Columbia Cancer Agency registry from 40 patients starting salvage chemotherapy after front-line treatment between 1980 and 2012.

Design and analysis issues for economic analysis alongside clinical trials.

Introduction: Clinical trials can offer a valuable and efficient opportunity to collect the health resource use and outcomes data for economic evaluation. However, economic and clinical studies differ fundamentally in the question they seek to answer.

Objective: The design and analysis of trial-based cost-effectiveness studies require special consideration, which are reviewed in this article.

Cost-effectiveness of memantine compared with standard care in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease in Canada.

Objective: To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the addition of memantine to standard care (that is, without acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) with standard care alone in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease (AD) in Canada.

Methods: A 2-year Markov model estimated clinical effects in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and time in complete dependence as well as societal costs in four 6-month cycles. Health states were defined by AD severity assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (moderate = 10 to 19; severe < 10), by level of dependence in activities of daily living, and by death.

Cost-effectiveness of a fixed combination of hydroquinone/tretinoin/fluocinolone cream compared with hydroquinone alone in the treatment of melasma.

Background: A once-daily fixed combination of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide (Tri-luma) is a newly available treatment for melasma.

Objective: To assess cost-effectiveness of triple combination therapy (TCT) applied once daily and hydroquinone alone applied twice daily in the U.S.

An economic evaluation of doxazosin, finasteride and combination therapy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective: The Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study (PLESS) and the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) study provide new evidence regarding the benefits of finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The objective of this study was to utilize data from the PLESS and MTOPS studies to assess the cost-utility of finasteride and finasteride in combination with doxazosin, compared to doxazosin alone in men with moderate to severe BPH symptoms.

Methods: A semi-Markov decision analytic model was constructed to estimate the clinical consequences, costs and cost-utility of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy.

Cost-effectiveness of becaplermin for nonhealing neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers.

Foot ulcers secondary to peripheral neuropathy and vascular disease are a commonly occurring complication for people with diabetes. Becaplermin, a genetically-engineered growth factor in a hydrogel vehicle, has been shown to be more effective than vehicle-only control in healing chronic foot ulcers of patients with adequate vasculature receiving best clinical care. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding up to 20 weeks of becaplermin to a regimen of best clinical care, a 1-year decision-analytic model was developed and tested using data from a previously published controlled clinical study involving 251 people with diabetes (124 becaplermin/127 control) and adequate vasculature presenting with an infection-free ulcer that had failed to heal despite appropriate therapy.

An economic evaluation of sequential i.v./po moxifloxacin therapy compared to i.v./po co-amoxiclav with or without clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

Study Objective: To evaluate costs, clinical consequences, and cost-effectiveness from a German and French health-care system perspective of sequential i.v./po moxifloxacin monotherapy compared to co-amoxiclav with or without clarithromycin (AMC +/- CLA) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who required parenteral treatment.

Health care resource use and stroke outcome. Multinational comparisons within the GAIN International trial.

Background And Purpose: Outcome in patients hospitalized for acute stroke varies considerably between populations. Within the framework of the GAIN International trial, a large multicenter trial of a neuroprotective agent (gavestinel, glycine antagonist), stroke outcome in relation to health care resource use has been compared in a large number of countries, allowing for differences in case mix.

Methods: This substudy includes 1,422 patients in 19 countries grouped into 10 regions.

The burden of illness of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the United States.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the extent to which nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects a woman's quality of life (QOL), ability to function, and health care resource use.

Study Design: We conducted an observational, multicenter, prospective cohort study by gathering data on the symptoms, QOL, and health care resource use from women who have nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Results: All 8 domains of health measured by the Short Form-36 QOL survey were limited by patient symptoms.