A small shared epitope-mimetic compound potently accelerates osteoclast-mediated bone damage in autoimmune arthritis.

We have recently proposed that the shared epitope (SE) may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by acting as a ligand that activates proarthritogenic signal transduction events. To examine this hypothesis, in this study we characterized a novel small SE-mimetic compound, c(HS4-4), containing the SE primary sequence motif QKRAA, which was synthesized using a backbone cyclization method. The SE-mimetic c(HS4-4) compound interacted strongly with the SE receptor calreticulin, potently activated NO and reactive oxygen species production, and markedly facilitated osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro.

A perspective on the future public health: an integrative and ecological framework.

Modernity has brought health and social benefits to many societies, not least through the insights of science and technology. Yet, modernity has also been associated with a number of cultural characteristics, such as materialism, individualism, consumerism and an addiction to continuing economic growth, that seem potentially harmful to health and well-being and inimical to social equity. There is an emerging body of evidence that suggests that, in the affluent world, some of our most intractable contemporary health problems are, in fact, the product of modernity.

A perspective on the future public health practitioner.

In the centuries following the Enlightenment, scientific and technological developments gave 'modern people' an unprecedented ability to understand, predict and control the natural world. This has brought health and social benefits unimaginable to our ancestors and sets us apart from all previous generations. Yet there is a wide-ranging body of evidence that suggests that modernity is now in decline, largely because its methods and mindset are increasingly recognized as unsustainable.

Talking openly: using '6D cards' to facilitate holistic, patient-led communication.

Objective: The study investigates the effectiveness and acceptability of a communication tool (the '6D Cards') in facilitating holistic, patient-led communication in medical consultations.

Design: A between-subjects design was employed, whereby patients were randomly allocated to either use the '6D Cards' to initiate conversation or engage in the usual discussion processes.

Setting: The study was carried out in an outpatient gynaecology clinic at a National Health Service (NHS) public hospital in a small town.

Learning our way into the future public health: a proposition.

This article attempts to bridge the gap between the values and skills that currently inform public health and those that we need to confront the future. We draw on a set of radical arguments. Firstly, the ability of modern people to understand, predict and control the natural world has brought many benefits but evidence is accumulating that the methods and mindsets of modernity are subject to diminishing returns and adverse effects.

Status, taste and distinction in consumer culture: acknowledging the symbolic dimensions of inequality.

The relationship between social position and health has been the focus of extensive public health debate. In the UK and elsewhere, most researchers have focused on physical aspects of health, using indicators such as mortality and morbidity to draw a picture of profound and widening social inequalities. This paper draws attention to the (neglected) influence of contemporary culture on wellbeing, arguing that the social meanings created within consumer culture possess symbolic force that can add to wider inequalities.