RNA-sequencing predicts a role of androgen receptor and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 in osteosarcoma lung metastases.

One-third of pediatric patients with osteosarcoma (OS) develop lung metastases (LM), which is the primary predictor of mortality. While current treatments of patients with localized bone disease have been successful in producing 5-year survival rates of 65-70%, patients with LM experience poor survival rates of only 19-30%. Unacceptably, this situation that has remained unchanged for 30 years.

Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone gene expression and copper levels in dog osteosarcoma patients.

Twenty-four dogs with OS underwent limb amputation. Serum, OS tumour, and normal bone were harvested at time of surgery. RNA was extracted and gene expression was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Early initiation of physical therapy after geriatric hip fracture surgery is associated with shorter hospital length of stay and decreased thirty-day mortality.

Introduction: While the importance of timely surgery and early mobilization are understood in geriatric fracture populations, the relationship between timing of initiation of physical therapy (PT) postoperatively on length of stay (LOS) and mortality has not been well delineated. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of PT initiated on postoperative day zero (POD0) on LOS and mortality in geriatric hip fracture patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients aged 60 and over who underwent hip fracture surgery, including arthroplasty or internal fixation, between January 2017 and December 2019 at three affiliated academic hospitals were identified.

Prognostic factors and survival of patients undergoing surgical intervention for breast cancer bone metastases.

Introduction: Bone is the most common distant site of breast cancer metastasis. Skeletal lesions can cause significant morbidity due to pain, pathologic fracture, and electrolyte abnormalities. Current treatment for patients with bone metastases (BoM) from breast cancer is highly personalized and often involves a multidisciplinary approach with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, bone-targeted antiresorptive agents, radiation therapy, and surgery.

A Novel Mouse Model for SNP in Steroid Receptor Co-Activator-1 Reveals Role in Bone Density and Breast Cancer Metastasis.

The steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is a nuclear receptor co-activator, known to play key roles in both estrogen response in bone and in breast cancer metastases. We previously demonstrated that the P1272S single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; P1272S; rs1804645) in SRC-1 decreases the activity of estrogen receptor in the presence of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and that it is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) after tamoxifen therapy, suggesting it may disrupt the agonist action of tamoxifen. Given such dual roles of SRC-1 in the bone microenvironment and in tumor cell-intrinsic phenotypes, we hypothesized that SRC-1 and a naturally occurring genetic variant, P1272S, may promote breast cancer bone metastases.

Distal locking of short cephalomedullary nails decreases varus collapse in unstable intertrochanteric fractures - a biomechanical analysis.

Introduction: Peritrochanteric fractures are a growing problem and complications relating to operative fixation of these fracture, including varus collapse and screw cutout, are common in elderly osteoporotic patients. We hypothesize that unlocked nails will demonstrate increased varus collapse and inferior construct stiffness in specimens with increased diaphyseal medullary diameter.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen non-cadaveric osteoporotic biomechanical femur specimens were utilized in this study, with eight specimens having an artificially large femoral canal to represent Dorr C femurs.

Evaluating the reoperation rate and hardware durability of three stabilizing implants for 105 malignant pathologic humerus fractures.

Introduction: Many patients sustaining a malignant pathologic humerus fracture (MPHF) elect for surgical stabilization. Complications prompting reoperation can occur, leading to additional quality of life and financial cost. One common event preceding reoperation is a broken implant (BI).

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic to Soft Tissue Sarcoma, a Previously Unreported Event.

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is an unusual phenomenon wherein one distinct malignancy is present within the substance of another independent tumor. This event is rare, difficult to detect with imaging, and, due to conflicting terminology in the literature, can be challenging to classify. This article reports the first documented case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving prostatic adenocarcinoma and myxoid liposarcoma, reviews the available literature for carcinoma metastatic to sarcoma, and discusses the current situation within the context of the established criteria for the classification of combination tumors.

Comparison of cachectic and non-cachectic sarcoma patients reveals an important role of Notch signaling in metastasis and myogenesis.

Cancer-associated cachexia is a wasting syndrome that affects up to 50% of cancer patients. It is defined as unintentional weight loss ≥5% over 6 months and characterized by muscle atrophy, fatigue, and anorexia that are refractory to nutritional support. Sarcoma describes a diverse group of malignancies arising from the connective tissues.

Tumor Resection Guided by Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Dye Fluorescence Angiography Results in Negative Surgical Margins and Decreased Local Recurrence in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma.

Background: Surgical resection with negative margins is the foundation of extremity sarcoma management. Failure to achieve negative surgical margins can result in local recurrence (LR), a potentially devastating complication. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a US FDA-approved fluorophore previously used to guide carcinoma resections.

The Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on the Meniscus and Articular Cartilage: A Novel Dynamic In Vitro Pilot Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury increases the risk of meniscus and articular cartilage damage, but the causes are not well understood. Previous in vitro studies were static, required extensive knee dissection, and likely altered meniscal and cartilage contact due to the insertion of pressure sensing devices.

Hypothesis: ACL deficiency will lead to increased translation of the lateral meniscus and increased deformation of the medial meniscus as well as alter cartilage contact location, strain, and area.