Impact of Polypharmacy on Symptoms and Health Outcomes in Older Adults With and Without Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Background: There is a critical gap in understanding the symptom experience and health outcomes of older adults with and without Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) and polypharmacy (PPY). The primary aim of the study was to compare the number of symptoms experienced over time in older adults with and without ADRD by polypharmacy status. The secondary aim was to examine the trajectory of physical function and health outcomes over time in each group.

Differential relationships between physical activity and pain phenotypes in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Background: Chronic pain affects 70% of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and leads to declines in health and quality of life. Neuropathic and nociceptive pain are phenotypes derived from different mechanisms that contribute to pain perception. The objective of this research was to investigate differential pain responses to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in two chronic pain phenotypes: neuropathic and nociceptive pain.

Baseline Comparison of Exercisers and Nonexercisers With Spinal Cord Injury Enrolled in a Group Tele-Exercise Program.

Background: Individuals with SCI are 1.5 times more likely to be sedentary compared to adults without disabilities or chronic health conditions. It is therefore imperative to develop and evaluate innovative facilitation strategies for physical activity behavior in this population.

Effect of Tele-exercise to Promote Empowered Movement for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury (TEEMS) Program on Physical Activity Determinants and Behavior: A Mixed Methods Assessment.

Objective: To assess the effects of group tele-exercise participation on physical activity (PA) determinants and behavior as identified by social cognitive theory (SCT) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: This clinically registered non-randomized trial [NCT05360719] used a single-group parallel mixed methods design. Quantitative and qualitative primary measures were assessed at pre-program and after 8-week intervention completion (post-program), with an additional 8-week period retention to capture quantitative assessments only.

Development and Feasibility of a Group Tele-Exercise Program for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury.

Background And Purpose: More than 50% of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) report no regular exercise due to numerous barriers to participation. Tele-exercise services offer viable solutions to reduce barriers. However, limited evidence for SCI-specific tele-exercise programs is available.

Perspectives on Health With Spinal Cord Injury Now and in the Future: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Objective: Over the past half century, the landscape of life and aging with spinal cord injury (SCI) has changed drastically, in part due to medical advancements and the rapidly increasing aging population. With these changes comes a critical need for rehabilitation professionals to understand aging with SCI in relation to strategies that support health maintenance over time. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the meaning of health maintenance and aging outlook from the perspectives of individuals living with SCI.

Reliability of Upper-Extremity Muscle Activity and Kinematics During Adaptive Rowing.

Context: The purpose of this study was to determine test-retest reliability of upper-extremity muscle activity and kinematics during submaximal adapted rowing.

Design: A repeated-measures design was used.

Methods: Data were collected on 10 individuals (7 male and 3 female) with mobility impairment.

Staying active after rehab: Physical activity perspectives with a spinal cord injury beyond functional gains.

Lifestyle physical activity following spinal cord injury (SCI) is critical for functional independence, mental wellness, and social participation, yet nearly 50% of individuals with SCI report no regular exercise. The objective of this study was to better understand factors leading to this participation gap by capturing the physical activity perspectives of individuals living with SCI. We completed small group interviews with nine individuals living with SCI across the United States.

Quantitative Sensory Changes Related to Physical Activity in Adult Populations: A Scoping Review.

Exercise-induced hypoalgesia related to physical activity produces sensory adaptations, but its mechanism remains unclear. Quantitative sensory testing is an effective measurement tool to identify sensory changes, but the extent of evidence linking quantitative sensory testing and physical activity has not been explored. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize the evidence on using quantitative sensory testing to evaluate psychophysical changes related to physical activity in adult populations.

Relationship of psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal pain among individuals with newly acquired spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives: Little evidence exists on pain-related psychosocial factors in individuals with newly acquired spinal cord injury (SCI). To understand a biopsychosocial model of pain, we must first understand the presenting psychological pain-related factors at injury onset.

Graph theoretical structural connectome analysis of the brain in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: preliminary investigation.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize the convergent disruptions of the structural connectivity based on network modeling technique (i.e.

Movement Coordination During Humeral Elevation in Individuals With Newly Acquired Spinal Cord Injury.

Humeral elevation is a critical motion for individuals who use a manual wheelchair given that, in a typical day, wheelchair users reach overhead 5 times more often than able-bodied controls. Kinematic analyses in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) have focused on weight-bearing tasks rather than overhead reaching. This technical report presents shoulder movement coordination during overhead reaching in individuals with newly acquired SCI.

Shoulder impairment and pain of individuals with newly acquired spinal cord injury compared to uninjured peers.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Objectives: Shoulder pain prevalence is high in those with spinal cord injury (SCI) and is associated with decreased function, participation restrictions and decreased quality of life. Limited evidence exists regarding physical impairments of newly acquired SCI.

Relationships of hip abductor strength, neuromuscular control, and hip width to femoral length ratio with peak hip adduction angle in healthy female runners.

A large peak hip adduction angle during running is a risk factor for several overuse injuries in women. The purpose of this study was to determine if female runners with a large peak hip adduction angle have differences in eccentric hip abductor muscle strength, hip neuromuscular control, and/or hip width to femoral length ratio (HW:FL) compared to those with a small angle. Hip adduction during running, hip strength, hip control, and HW:FL were measured in sixty healthy female runners (1.

Relationship between pain, fatigue, and physical activity levels during a technology-based physical activity intervention.

The majority of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience chronic pain. Chronic pain can be difficult to manage because of variability in the underlying pain mechanisms. More insight regarding the relationship between pain and physical activity (PA) is necessary to understand pain responses during PA.

Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization for the Management of Chronic Plantar Heel Pain: A Pilot Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine feasibility of further investigation of treatment with instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM), using the Graston technique, compared with conservative care for treatment of chronic plantar heel pain (CPHP).

Methods: Eleven participants with plantar heel pain lasting 6 weeks to 1 year were randomly assigned to one of two groups, with each group receiving up to eight physical therapy visits. Both groups received the same stretching, exercise, and home program, but the experimental group also received IASTM using the Graston technique.

Association of musculoskeletal pain, fear-avoidance factors, and quality of life in active manual wheelchair users with SCI: A pilot study.

Limited evidence examines the association of psychological factors, such as fear of movement and pain catastrophizing, with musculoskeletal pain patterns in active manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study investigated the relationship among musculoskeletal pain, fear avoidance factors, quality of life (QoL), activity and duration of injury in individuals with SCI. Cross-sectional correlational.

Pectoralis minor muscle elongation and scapulothoracic motion do not differ in individuals with short versus typical resting pectoralis minor muscle length: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Individuals with short resting pectoralis minor muscle length have been shown to have aberrant scapulothoracic motion when compared to individuals with long resting pectoralis minor muscle length. However, the degree to which the pectoralis minor muscle can be lengthened and whether or not scapulothoracic motion differs between individuals with short and typical resting pectoralis minor muscle length is unknown.

Objectives: To determine if: (1) pectoralis minor muscle elongation (percent pectoralis minor muscle can be actively and passively lengthened beyond resting length), (2) pectoralis minor muscle percent length change during overhead reaching, and (3) scapulothoracic motion during overhead reaching differ between individuals with short and typical resting pectoralis minor muscle length.

Agreement of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and Clinical Assessment of Shoulder Impairment in Manual Wheelchair Users With Various Duration of Spinal Cord Injury.

Objectives: To determine (1) agreement of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) findings of shoulder pathology and related shoulder special test results in individuals with varied durations of manual wheelchair (MWC) use after spinal cord injury (SCI); and (2) whether shoulder musculoskeletal impairments, per MSK-US and clinical examination, differed in individuals with SCI and varying durations of MWC use.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Laboratory setting.

Relationship of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale to commonly used clinical measures in hand osteoarthritis.

Study Design: Prospective cohort correlation study.

Introduction: There is no known published research on correlations between the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), hand grip strength, and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) in a population with hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish reliability of the PSFS and to evaluate the relationship between the PSFS, hand grip strength, and the DASH for a population with hand OA.

Association of Pectoralis Minor Muscle Extensibility, Shoulder Mobility, and Duration of Manual Wheelchair Use.

Objective: To assess the relation of pectoralis minor muscle (PMm) length and extensibility to shoulder pain, shoulder girdle motion, and duration of manual wheelchair (MWC) use, and to compare differences in muscle length, muscle extensibility, peak humeral elevation, and pain among groups based on duration of wheelchair use.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Laboratory setting.

Reliability and validity of active and passive pectoralis minor muscle length measures.

Background: Pectoralis minor muscle length is believed to play an important role in shoulder pain and dysfunction. Current clinical procedures for assessing pectoralis minor muscle length may not provide the most useful information for clinical decision making.

Objective: To establish the reliability and construct validity of a novel technique to measure pectoralis minor muscle length under actively and passively lengthened conditions.

Comparative Analysis of High-Velocity Versus Low-Velocity Exercise on Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Purpose: High-velocity (HV) exercise is defined as performing a concentric muscle contraction as fast as possible, or in 1 second or less. Low-velocity (LV) exercise is defined as using 2 seconds to complete the contraction. A comparison of HV to LV exercise performed by community dwelling older adults indicates that HV exercise produces greater gains in power and scores for the 8-ft up-and-go, 30-seond chair stand, and continuous scale physical function performance tests.

Three-dimensional analysis versus goniometric measurement of total active elevation in normal subjects.

Background: Multiple planes of motion have been reported for shoulder elevation performed by visual inspection with a goniometer. It is typically measured by a clinician who is standing or sitting at the side of the patient. Instead, accurate assessment of shoulder elevation must be performed by using a plane of reference that is perpendicular to the plane of motion being measured.