Effective Refractive Index Values and Single Scattering Albedo Implications for Dry-Generated Clays As Retrieved from Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy.

Despite the widespread atmospheric presence of mineral dust and clay aerosol, there is still much uncertainty associated with their contribution to climate forcing especially as related to their nonspherical shape and rough surface. This paper provides a method for retrieving effective refractive indices for a series of clay aerosols produced via dry-generation, which more closely captures natural emission mechanisms. Aerosols were generated using a wrist-action shaker, size determined via tandem differential mobility analysis and optically interrogated with a cavity ring-down spectrometer.

Color Richness in Cephalopod Chromatophores Originating from High Refractive Index Biomolecules.

Cephalopods are arguably one of the most photonically sophisticated marine animals, as they can rapidly adapt their dermal color and texture to their surroundings using both structural and pigmentary coloration. Their chromatophore organs facilitate this process, but the molecular mechanism potentiating color change is not well understood. We hypothesize that the pigments, which are localized within nanostructured granules in the chromatophore, enhance the scattering of light within the dermal tissue.

Deliquescence behavior of internally mixed clay and salt aerosols by optical extinction measurements.

Internal mixtures of montmorillonite, a clay component of mineral dust, with sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate were studied optically using cavity ring down spectroscopy. The effects of the addition of the clay to the optically observed deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) and water uptake of these salts were considered by investigating a series of different salt mass fractions. In most cases, montmorillonite alters the hygroscopic properties, lowering the DRH in comparison to the pure salt, and causes the particles to transition from solid to liquid at a lower relative humidity than is expected based on the salt alone.

(2+1) resonance-enhanced ionization spectroscopy of a state-selected beam of OH radicals.

A state-selected beam of hydroxyl radicals is generated using a pulsed discharge source and hexapole field. The OH radicals are characterized by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy via the nested D 2Sigma- and 3 2Sigma- Rydberg states. Simplified spectra are observed from the selected |MJ|=3/2 component of the upper Lambda-doublet level of the lowest rotational state (J=32) in ground (v"=0) and excited (v"=1-3) vibrational levels of the OH X 2Pi3/2 state.

Fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy and predissociation dynamics of OH A 2Sigma+ (v = 4) radicals.

Fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy, an UV-IR double-resonance technique, is employed to characterize the line positions, linewidths, and corresponding lifetimes of highly predissociative rovibrational levels of the excited A (2)Sigma(+) electronic state of the OH radical. Various lines of the 4 <--2 overtone transition in the excited A (2)Sigma(+) state are observed, from which the rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin-rotation constants for the A (2)Sigma(+) (v = 4) state are determined, along with the vibrational frequency for the overtone transition. Homogeneous linewidths of 0.

Evidence for partial quenching of orbital angular momentum upon complex formation in the infrared spectrum of OH-acetylene.

The entrance channel leading to the addition reaction between the hydroxyl radical and acetylene has been examined by spectroscopic characterization of the asymmetric CH stretching band of the pi-hydrogen bonded OH-acetylene reactant complex. The infrared action spectrum observed at 3278.6 cm(-1) (origin) consists of seven peaks of various intensities and widths, and is very different from those previously reported for closed-shell HF/HCl-acetylene complexes.

Infrared spectrum and stability of a pi-type hydrogen-bonded complex between the OH and C2H2 reactants.

A hydrogen-bonded complex between the hydroxyl radical and acetylene has been stabilized in the reactant channel well leading to the addition reaction and characterized by infrared action spectroscopy in the OH overtone region. Analysis of the rotational band structure associated with the a-type transition observed at 6885.53(1) cm(-1) (origin) reveals a T-shaped structure with a 3.