Characterization of Gut Microbiota-Derived Bacterial Strains With Neuroprotective Properties.

Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling, incurable, and progressive conditions characterized by neuronal loss and decreased cognitive function. Changes in gut microbiome composition have been linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, indicating a role for the gut-brain axis. Here, we show how specific gut-derived bacterial strains can modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes through the production of specific metabolites and discuss the potential therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders.

Bifidobacterium breve MRx0004 protects against airway inflammation in a severe asthma model by suppressing both neutrophil and eosinophil lung infiltration.

Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous disease. In severe asthma, airway inflammation can be predominantly eosinophilic, neutrophilic, or mixed. Only a limited number of drug candidates are in development to address this unmet clinical need.

Human Gut Symbiont Promotes and Regulates Innate Immunity.

Objective: is a flagellated gut anaerobic bacterium belonging to the family within the Firmicutes phylum. A significant decrease of colonization in the gut of ulcerative colitis patients has recently been demonstrated. In this work, we have investigated the mechanisms of -host cross talk using both murine and models.

Restricting microbial exposure in early life negates the immune benefits associated with gut colonization in environments of high microbial diversity.

Background: Acquisition of the intestinal microbiota in early life corresponds with the development of the mucosal immune system. Recent work on caesarean-delivered infants revealed that early microbial composition is influenced by birthing method and environment. Furthermore, we have confirmed that early-life environment strongly influences both the adult gut microbiota and development of the gut immune system.

Microbes and microbial effector molecules in treatment of inflammatory disorders.

The healthy gut tolerates very large numbers of diverse bacterial species belonging mainly to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. These bacteria normally coexist peacefully with the gut and help maintain immune homeostasis and tolerance. The mechanisms promoting tolerance affect various cell populations, including the epithelial cells lining the gut, resident dendritic cells (DCs), and gut-homing T cells.

Relationships between biochemical characteristics and meat quality of Longissimus thoracis and Semimembranosus muscles in five porcine lines.

Five porcine genetic lines which represent a high proportion of European pig production were fully characterized for meat quality parameters and muscle biochemical characteristics (Longissimus thoracis, LT, and Semimembranosus, SM). The line characterisation was based on 100 animals each representing Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Piétrain (Halothane negative) and Meishan (a Meishan/Large White crossbred line) prevalent genetic backgrounds. Different meat quality parameters (pH 45min, pH ultimate, electrical conductivity, and colour measurements), as well as muscle water holding capacity, muscle metabolic and contractile traits, fibre type, size and frequencies were measured and their relationships studied.

Clenbuterol increases muscle fiber size and GATA-2 protein in rat skeletal muscle in utero.

Certain beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, such as clenbuterol, are known to elicit a muscle-specific anabolism or hypertrophy in both normal and catabolic muscle in a wide variety of species. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of the beta(2)-agonist-induced anabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of clenbuterol administration in utero on skeletal muscle and to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Determinants of meat quality: tenderness.

Meat quality is a term used to describe a range of attributes of meat. Consumer research suggests that tenderness is a very important element of eating quality and that variations in tenderness affect the decision to repurchase. The present paper highlights recent information on the factors that affect tenderness.