The metabolic and circadian signatures of gestational diabetes in the postpartum period characterised using multiple wearable devices.

Aims/hypothesis: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 14% of all pregnancies worldwide and is associated with cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to exploit high-resolution wearable device time-series data to create a fine-grained physiological characterisation of the postpartum GDM state in free-living conditions, including clinical variables, daily glucose dynamics, food and drink consumption, physical activity, sleep patterns and heart rate.

Methods: In a prospective observational study, we employed continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), a smartphone food diary, triaxial accelerometers and heart rate and heart rate variability monitors over a 2 week period to compare women who had GDM in the previous pregnancy (GDM group) and women who had a pregnancy with normal glucose metabolism (non-GDM group) at 1-2 months after delivery (baseline) and 6 months later (follow-up).

Gut microbiota associations with chronic kidney disease: insights into nutritional and inflammatory parameters.

Introduction: The gut barrier, comprising gut microbiota, plays a pivotal role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and nutritional status. This study aimed to explore gut barrier alterations in hemodialyzed (HD) patients, non-HD (NHD) CKD patients, and healthy volunteers.

Methods: Our cross-sectional study enrolled 22 HD patients, 11 NHD patients, and 11 healthy volunteers.

Surgical Prehabilitation in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers: Impact of Unimodal and Multimodal Programs on Postoperative Outcomes and Prospects for New Therapeutic Strategies-A Systematic Review.

The advantages of prehabilitation in surgical oncology are unclear. This systematic review aims to (1) evaluate the latest evidence of preoperative prehabilitation interventions on postoperative outcomes after gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgery and (2) discuss new potential therapeutic targets as part of prehabilitation. Randomized controlled trials published between January 2017 and August 2022 were identified through Medline.

The effects of time-restricted eating and weight loss on bone metabolism and health: a 6-month randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study explored the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) versus standard dietary advice (SDA) on bone health.

Methods: Adults with ≥1 component of metabolic syndrome were randomized to TRE (ad libitum eating within 12 hours) or SDA (food pyramid brochure). Bone turnover markers and bone mineral content/density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry were assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

Physical activity in inflammatory bowel disease: benefits, challenges and perspectives.

Purpose Of The Review: Physical activity is gaining significative interest in the field of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the light of the most recent publications, the present review aims to describe the level of physical activity in adult patients with IBD; describe the current body of evidence on the benefits of physical activity and discuss the challenges and perspectives related to physical activity in this population.

Recent Findings: Recent studies showed that IBD patients tend to be less active than healthy people.

Gut barrier and microbiota changes with glycine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Background: We have previously shown that glycine increases fat-free mass in chronic haemodialysis patients with features of malnutrition as compared with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This multicentre randomized double-blind crossover study evaluates the impact of these amino acids on the gut barrier and microbiota.

Methods: Haemodialysis patients were included if they had plasma albumin <38 g/L or weight loss >5% of dry body weight, and daily dietary intakes <30 kcal/kg and <1 g protein/kg.

Glycine increases fat-free mass in malnourished haemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind crossover trial.

Background: Protein energy wasting is associated with negative outcome in patients under chronic haemodialysis (HD). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may increase the muscle mass. This post hoc analysis of a controlled double-blind randomized crossover study assessed the impact of BCAAs on nutritional status, physical function, and quality of life.

The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating versus Standard Dietary Advice on Weight, Metabolic Health and the Consumption of Processed Food: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial in Community-Based Adults.

Weight loss is key to controlling the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, i.e., central obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and dyslipidaemia.

Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality.

Robotic versus open primary ventral hernia repair: A randomized controlled trial (Robovent Trial).

Background: The objective of the present study is to compare the outcomes open PVHR and robotic PVHR.

Methods/design: The present study will be a randomized single-blinded controlled trial with intention-to-treat analysis comparing robotic PVHR to open PVHR in adult patients undergoing elective PVHR with a defect ranging between 1-5 cm. Patient refusing to participate, not able to give informed consent, with history of intra-abdominal surgery contraindicating a robotic surgical approach will be excluded.

Association of phase angle and running performance.

Background: A high phase angle derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis has been linked to a high level of physical activity. However, it is unknown whether a high phase angle is related to running performance.

Methods: We included all subjects who participated for the first time to the Course de l'Escalade between 1999 and 2016, a yearly city run occurring in Geneva.

[Nutritional management of older people in neuro-rehabilitation].

Stroke is the most common acute neurological disease in the world. Approximately 16 000 strokes occur each year in Switzerland. In the older population, the stroke outcomes are related to high risk of malnutrition due to neurological deficits impacting oral feeding.

Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Treat Cachexia.

Cachexia occurs in many chronic diseases and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is treated by nutritional support but often with limited effectiveness, leading to the search of other therapeutic strategies. The modulation of gut microbiota, whether through pro-, pre-, syn- or antibiotics or fecal transplantation, is attracting ever-growing interest in the field of obesity, but could also be an interesting and innovative alternative for treating cachexia.

Clinical Value of Muscle Mass Assessment in Clinical Conditions Associated with Malnutrition.

Malnutrition results from a reduction of food intake or an alteration of nutrient assimilation and leads to decreased lean mass. Strong evidence shows that malnutrition associated with loss of muscle mass negatively impacts clinical outcomes. The preservation or improvement of muscle mass represents a challenge.

How to Prevent Loss of Muscle Mass and Strength among Older People in Neuro-Rehabilitation?

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide but also of disability. Stroke induces certain alterations of muscle metabolism associated with gross muscle atrophy and a decrease in muscle function, leading to sarcopenia. The vast majority of stroke cases occur in adults over 65 years of age, and the prevalence is expected to massively increase in the coming years in this population.

An Increase in Fat Mass Index Predicts a Deterioration of Running Speed.

A low fat mass is associated with a good running performance. This study explores whether modifications in body composition predicted changes in running speed. We included people who underwent several measurements of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis between 1999 and 2016, at the "Course de l'Escalade", taking place yearly in Geneva.

Running performance in a timed city run and body composition: A cross-sectional study in more than 3000 runners.

Objective: The importance of body composition for running performance is unclear in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether body composition influences running speed and whether it is a better predictor of running speed than body mass index (BMI).

Methods: The study included 1353 women (38.

[Microbiota and malnutrition: an overview].

Currently, there is an increased interest in the role of gut microbiota in health issues. Evidence shows that an imbalance of gut microbiota or dysbiosis is involved in the mechanisms of weight changes. This review aims at summarizing the present knowledge between gut microbiota and malnutrition.

Prescription and indication for oral nutritional supplements in a Swiss university hospital: a prospective survey.

Aims Of The Study: Patients with an acute or chronically negative nutritional balance are at nutritional risk. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are simple and effective medical treatments of nutritional risk. In the ambulatory setting, in Switzerland, ONS are reimbursed by public insurance under conditions defined by Swiss Society for Clinical Nutrition.

[Oral nutritive supplements : efficiency and clinical use in community-dwelling patients].

Undernutrition represents a wide-spread clinical state in outpatients and inpatients. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, an impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Early diagnosis and treatement help to reduce these medical and economic consequences.

The ADAPP trial: a two-year longitudinal multidisciplinary intervention study for prostate cancer frail patients on androgen deprivation associated to curative radiotherapy.

Background: Androgen deprivation (AD) therapy combined to radiotherapy (RT) is a curative therapeutic option for patients with non-metastatic locally advanced or aggressive intermediate prostate cancer (PC), though with a range of nutritional, physical, and psychological side effects. A multidisciplinary care program was created to help frail patients to prevent and manage those side effects.

Material And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal interventional study in frail patients, presenting either cardiovascular/pulmonary comorbidities, old age (≥75 years), vulnerability ratings, or balance impairment.