Antimicrobial use in laboratory rodent facilities in Australia and New Zealand- a cross-sectional survey of veterinarians and facility managers.

This cross-sectional study surveyed veterinarians and facility managers to characterise the use of antimicrobials in laboratory rodent facilities within Australia and New Zealand. Most facilities (71%) reported routine administration of antimicrobials. The indications for antibiotic use reflected those described in publications and differed significantly to reasons for use in non-laboratory animals.

Surveillance for Toxoplasma gondii, Brucella spp., and Chlamydia spp. in Australian Fur Seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) Abortions.

The intracellular pathogens Toxoplasma gondii, Brucella spp., and Chlamydia spp. are all known causative agents of abortion in wildlife.

Automatic speaking valve in tracheo-esophageal speech: treatment proposal for a widespread usage.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to calculate the percentage of the Automatic Speaking Valve (ASV) use in a large cohort of laryngectomized patients with voice prosthesis (VP) and to analyze the main reasons for non-use. Subsequently, a specific rehabilitation training was proposed.

Methods: One hundred-ten laryngectomized patients with VP were enrolled in the first phase of the study (census).

The faecal microbiome of the Australian silver gull contains phylogenetically diverse ExPEC, aEPEC and Escherichia coli carrying the transmissible locus of stress tolerance.

Wildlife are implicated in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, but their roles as hosts for Escherichia coli that pose a threat to human and animal health is limited. Gulls (family Laridae) in particular, are known to carry diverse lineages of multiple-antibiotic resistant E. coli, including extra-intestinal pathogenic E.

DNMT3B PWWP mutations cause hypermethylation of heterochromatin.

The correct establishment of DNA methylation patterns is vital for mammalian development and is achieved by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B. DNMT3B localises to H3K36me3 at actively transcribing gene bodies via its PWWP domain. It also functions at heterochromatin through an unknown recruitment mechanism.

Detection and Differentiation of Entomopathogenic Serratia spp. to Inform Reintroduction of the Critically Endangered Lord Howe Island Stick Insect Dryococelus australis.

Once rodents have been successfully eradicated from Lord Howe Island, Australia, the critically endangered Lord Howe Island stick insect (Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier)) may be reintroduced, a century after it was thought to have become extinct. In captive populations of D. australis, elevated mortalities have been associated with bacterial pathogens.

Acetyl-CoA production by Mediator-bound 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases boosts de novo histone acetylation and is regulated by nitric oxide.

Histone-modifying enzymes depend on the availability of cofactors, with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) being required for histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. The discovery that mitochondrial acyl-CoA-producing enzymes translocate to the nucleus suggests that high concentrations of locally synthesized metabolites may impact acylation of histones and other nuclear substrates, thereby controlling gene expression. Here, we show that 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases are stably associated with the Mediator complex, thus providing a local supply of acetyl-CoA and increasing the generation of hyper-acetylated histone tails.

Pasteurella multocida ST20 is widespread in Australian poultry farms and may infect wild waterbirds.

The bacterial agent that causes fowl cholera, Pasteurella multocida, was isolated from two deceased wild waterbirds in Victoria, Australia, in 2013. Whole genome sequence analysis placed the isolates into ST20, a subtype described in farmed chickens from Queensland, Australia and more recently in feedlot cattle and in pigs across a broader area of the continent. This study also found ST20 between 2009 and 2022 on three chicken farms and two turkey farms located in four Australian states.

Restrictor synergizes with Symplekin and PNUTS to terminate extragenic transcription.

Transcription termination pathways mitigate the detrimental consequences of unscheduled promiscuous initiation occurring at hundreds of thousands of genomic -regulatory elements. The Restrictor complex, composed of the Pol II-interacting protein WDR82 and the RNA-binding protein ZC3H4, suppresses processive transcription at thousands of extragenic sites in mammalian genomes. Restrictor-driven termination does not involve nascent RNA cleavage, and its interplay with other termination machineries is unclear.

Rehabilitation After Total Laryngectomy: An Integrated Protocol Remotely Delivered During COVID-19.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the results of an integrated treatment delivered remotely to laryngectomized patients with voice prosthesis. Eighteen laryngectomized patients were treated remotely in groups co-led by a speech therapist and a psychologist ("Online Group"). The results were compared with those of 17 patients ("In-Person Group") previously studied.

Phylogenomic analysis of a global collection of ST38: evidence of interspecies and environmental transmission?

Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) sequence type (ST) 38 is one of the top 10 human pandemic lineages. Although a major cause of urinary tract and blood stream infections, ST38 has been poorly characterized from a global phylogenomic perspective. A comprehensive genome-scale analysis of 925 ST38 isolate genomes identified two broad ancestral clades and linkage of discrete ST38 clusters with specific variants.

HlyF, an underestimated virulence factor of uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). This study aims to elucidate the role of the virulence factor HlyF in the epidemiology and pathophysiology of UTIs and investigate the dissemination of plasmids carrying the hlyF gene.

Methods: An epidemiological analysis was conducted on a representative collection of 225 UPEC strains isolated from community-acquired infections.

A Novel Marine Mammal -Genome Sequencing Identifies a New Genotype with Potential Virulence.

The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen has been identified in a few species of marine mammals, some of which are showing population declines. It has been hypothesized that in marine mammals is a distinct genotype that varies significantly from the typical terrestrial genotypes. It appears to lack an IS1111.

Whole Genome Sequencing of Avian Pathogenic Causing Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis in Australian Poultry.

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) impacts animal welfare and productivity in the poultry industry worldwide, yet it has an understudied pathogenesis. While Avian Pathogenic (APEC) are known to be one of the main causes, there is a lack of whole genome sequence data, with only a few BCO-associated APEC (APEC) genomes available in public databases. In this study, we conducted an analysis of 205 APEC genome sequences to generate new baseline phylogenomic knowledge regarding the diversity of sequence types and the presence of virulence associated genes (VAGs).

Obg plays a significant role in temperature sensitivity of Mycoplasma synoviae live attenuated vaccine strain MS-H.

The MS-H vaccine strain (Vaxsafe MS®; Bioproperties Pty. Ltd., Australia) is a live attenuated temperature sensitive derivative of a virulent strain of M.

Reversion of mutations in a live mycoplasma vaccine alters its metabolism.

The live attenuated temperature sensitive vaccine strain MS-H (Vaxsafe® MS, Bioproperties Pty. Ltd., Australia) is widely used to control disease associated with M.

Identification of genes influencing the evolution of ST372 in dogs and humans.

ST372 are widely reported as the major sequence type in dogs globally. They are also a sporadic cause of extraintestinal infections in humans. Despite this, it is unknown whether ST372 strains from dogs and humans represent shared or distinct populations.

Virulence factors of : Three genes influencing colonization, immunogenicity, and transmissibility.

Infections caused by are major welfare and economic concerns in poultry industries worldwide. These infections cause chronic respiratory disease and/or synovitis in chickens and turkeys leading to reduced production and increased mortality rates. The live attenuated vaccine strain MS-H (Vaxsafe MS), commonly used for protection against infection in many countries, contains 32 single nucleotide variations compared to its wildtype parent strain, 86079/7NS.

Embryo mortality in a captive-bred, Critically Endangered amphibian.

The Critically Endangered southern corroboree frog Pseudophryne corroboree is dependent upon captive assurance colonies for its continued survival. Although the captive breeding programme for this species has largely been successful, embryonic mortality remains high (40-90% per year). This study aimed to investigate the causes of mortality in P.

Global Phylogeny and F Virulence Plasmid Carriage in Pandemic Escherichia coli ST1193.

Lower urinary tract, renal, and bloodstream infections caused by phylogroup B2 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. ST1193 is a phylogroup B2, multidrug-resistant sequence type that has risen to prominence globally, but a comprehensive analysis of the F virulence plasmids it carries is lacking. We performed a phylogenomic analysis of ST1193 ( = 707) whole-genome sequences from EnteroBase using entries with comprehensive isolation metadata.

Nebulization as a more efficient method than atomizer for experimental reproduction of avian colibacillosis in young chickens.

Infection and immunity studies involving genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as gene knockout bacterial mutants, require stringent physical containment to prevent the accidental spread of these organisms into the environment. Experimental respiratory tract infection models often require the animals, for example birds, to be transported several times between a negative pressure housing isolator and a bespoke aerosol exposure chamber under positive pressure. While the exposure chamber is sealed and fitted with HEPA filters, the repeated movements of infected animals and opening of the chamber can still pose a serious risk of breaching containment of the organism in the experimental facility.

Rheology and Viscoelasticity of Proteins and Nucleic Acids Condensates.

Phase separation is as familiar as watching vinegar separating from oil in vinaigrette. The observation that phase separation of proteins and nucleic acids is widespread in living cells has opened an entire field of research into the biological significance and the biophysical mechanisms of phase separation and protein condensation in biology. Recent evidence indicates that certain proteins and nucleic acids condensates are not simple liquids and instead display both viscous and elastic behaviors, which in turn may have biological significance.

Genomic and Temporal Trends in Canine ExPEC Reflect Those of Human ExPEC.

Companion animals and humans are known to share extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), but the extent of E. coli sequence types (STs) that cause extraintestinal diseases in dogs is not well understood. Here, we generated whole-genome sequences of 377 ExPEC collected by the University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital from dogs over an 11-year period from 2007 to 2017.