In vitro rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and composition of microbial community of total mixed rations replacing maize silage with red clover silage.

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community composition when replacing maize silage (MS) with red clover silage (RCS) in total mixed rations (TMR) of dairy cows. Treatments included TMR containing forage (MS and RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.

Effects of supplementing corn silage with different nitrogen sources on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in vitro.

Compared to grass silage (GS)-, corn silage (CS)-based diets appear to increase the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) in the rumen. Opposite results for the EMPS obtained in vitro have raised the question of whether an inadequate supply of amino N for microbes might explain the low EMPS. We examined the effects of supplementation with different N sources in CS on the EMPS and microbial populations in vitro.

Effects of corn silage and grass silage in ruminant rations on diurnal changes of microbial populations in the rumen of dairy cows.

Here, we examined diurnal changes in the ruminal microbial community and fermentation characteristics of dairy cows fed total mixed rations containing either corn silage (CS) or grass silage (GS) as forage. The rations, which consisted of 52% concentrate and 48% GS or CS, were offered for ad libitum intake over 20 days to three ruminal-fistulated lactating Jersey cows during three consecutive feeding periods. Feed intake, ruminal pH, concentrations of short chain fatty acids and ammonia in rumen liquid, as well as abundance change in the microbial populations in liquid and solid fractions, were monitored in 4-h intervals on days 18 and 20.

Variations of Phosphorous Accessibility Causing Changes in Microbiome Functions in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Chickens.

The chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbours a complex microbial community, involved in several physiological processes such as host immunomodulation and feed digestion. For the first time, the present study analysed dietary effects on the protein inventory of the microbiome in crop and ceca of broilers. We performed quantitative label-free metaproteomics by using 1-D-gel electrophoresis coupled with LC-MS/MS to identify the structural and functional changes triggered by diets supplied with varying amount of mineral phosphorous (P) and microbial phytase (MP).

Changes in Rumen Microbial Community Composition during Adaption to an In Vitro System and the Impact of Different Forages.

This study examined ruminal microbial community composition alterations during initial adaption to and following incubation in a rumen simulation system (Rusitec) using grass or corn silage as substrates. Samples were collected from fermenter liquids at 0, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h and from feed residues at 0, 24, and 48 h after initiation of incubation (period 1) and on day 13 (period 2). Microbial DNA was extracted and real-time qPCR was used to quantify differences in the abundance of protozoa, methanogens, total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Prevotella bryantii, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Clostridium aminophilum.

Spatial Variation of the Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens as Affected by Dietary Available Phosphorus and Assessed by T-RFLP Analysis and 454 Pyrosequencing.

Molecular fingerprinting and sequencing based techniques have been widely used to characterize microbial communities. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 454-pyrosequencing were used to determine the microorganisms present in the different sections of the chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (crop, jejunum, ileum and caeca). Broilers fed with diets differing in phosphorous (P) and calcium (Ca) as well as in phytase levels were used to study the microbiota of the upper and lower part of the GIT.

Wheat and barley differently affect porcine intestinal microbiota.

Background: Diet influences the porcine intestinal microbial ecosystem. Barrows were fitted with ileal T-cannulas to compare short-term effects of eight different wheat or barley genotypes and period-to-period effects on seven bacterial groups in ileal digesta and faeces by qPCR.

Results: Within genotypes of wheat and barley, there was no difference (P > 0.

Interactions between supplemented mineral phosphorus and phytase on phytate hydrolysis and inositol phosphates in the small intestine of broilers1,2.

Phytate breakdown in the digestive tract of broilers is affected by supplements of mineral phosphorus (P) and phytase with unknown interactions between the 2 factors. It was the objective to study phytate hydrolysis and the presence of inositol phosphate isomers (InsPs) as affected by supplements of mineral P and phytase in the small intestine of broilers. Fifteen-day old broilers were assigned to 48 pens of 20 broilers each (n = 8 pens/treatment).

Description of the structural diversity of rumen microbial communities in vitro using single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles.

Changes of the rumen microbial community structure, as it can be established with a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) were studied using PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of small subunit rDNA genes (SSU rDNA). Four total mixed rations were incubated and two ammonia levels in the artificial saliva were applied. Three replicated vessels were used for each treatment.