How the acceleration phase influences energy flow and the resulting joint moments of the throwing shoulder in the deceleration phase of the javelin throw.

Introduction: The throwing motion in the javelin throw applies high loads to the musculoskeletal system of the shoulder, both in the acceleration and deceleration phases. While the loads occurring during the acceleration phase and their relationship to kinematics and energy flow have been relatively well investigated, there is a lack of studies focusing the deceleration phase. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how the throwing arm is brought to rest, which resultant joint torques are placed on the shoulder and how they are influenced by the kinematics of the acceleration phase.

Upregulation of psoriasin/S100A7 correlates with clinical severity in patients with oral lichen planus.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to: (1) investigate the expression patterns of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), specifically psoriasin (S100A7) and calgranulin A and B (S100A8/A9), in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to healthy individuals; (2) evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL) in OLP patients versus healthy controls; (3) investigate the impact of clinical severity of OLP on OHrQoL; and (4) assess the influence of AMP expression on clinical severity and OHrQoL in OLP patients.

Materials And Methods: Oral mucosal biopsies (n = 38) were collected from healthy individuals (n = 17) and patients with OLP (n = 21). Levels of AMPs (S100A7, S100A8, S100A9) and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were assessed by RT-qPCR.

A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players.

Team handball involves a tremendous amount of shoulder motion with high forces during repeated extended external range of motion. This causes shoulder complaints and overuse injuries. While eccentric training for the lower extremity shows preventive effects by improving strength, range of motion and fascicle length, there is a research gap for the shoulder joint and for advanced tissue characterization using diffusion tensor imaging.

Effect of isokinetic eccentric training on the human shoulder strength, flexibility, and muscle architecture in physically active men: A preliminary study.

Strengthening the rotator cuff muscles is important for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Since muscle fascicle length improves motor performance and is suggested to reduce the risk of injury for the hamstring, it may be an important variable to promote multidirectional changes in the function and macroscopic structure for the shoulder. Recent literature reviews overwhelmingly suggest that eccentric exercises improve fascicle length and functional measures for the lower limb.

Energy flow in men's javelin throw and its relationship to joint load and performance.

Background: Performance in javelin throwing is dependent on the release speed and therefore the energy transferred to the javelin. Little is known about the flow of mechanical energy in javelin throwing and whether there is a connection to joint loading and throwing performance. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate (1) the energy flow within the kinetic chain of the throwing arm, (2) how it is related to performance and joint loads and (3) how joint forces and torques are used to transfer, generate and absorb mechanical energy.

Preclinical Cartilage Changes of the Knee Joint in Adolescent Competitive Volleyball Players: A Prospective T2 Mapping Study.

Purpose: To investigate the potential effects of volleyball as a competitive sport in adolescence on the cartilage of knee joints using T2 mapping in MRI and identification of preclinical cartilage changes. Volleyball as an impact sport often leads to damage of the knee joint cartilage in adulthood. As T2 mapping is widely available and highly capable of detecting cartilage changes prior to conventional MRI sequences, such a detection may allow adolescent volleyball players to change their training regime before structural damage can occur to the cartilage and pose the risk of osteoarthritis.

Anti-inflammatory IL-8 Regulation via an Advanced Drug Delivery System at the Oral Mucosa.

Oral inflammatory diseases are highly prevalent in the worldwide population. Topical treatment of inflammation is challenging due to dilution effects of saliva and crevicular fluid. Thus, there is a great medical need to develop smart anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems for mucosa treatment.

The influence of body segment estimation methods on body segment inertia parameters and joint moments in javelin throwing.

Calculated intersegmental moments are commonly used in analyzing throwing movements. The inverse dynamics (ID) results can vary due to the chosen set of body segment inertia parameters (BSIP). A multitude of methods to determine BSIP sets are available.

The Effects of Eccentric Strength Training on Flexibility and Strength in Healthy Samples and Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review.

The risk of future injury appears to be influenced by agonist fascicle length (FL), joint range of motion (ROM) and eccentric strength. Biomechanical observations of the torque-angle-relationship further reveal a strong dependence on these factors. In practice, a longer FL improves sprinting performance and lowers injury risk.

Evaluation of the power deficit of elderly people during stair negotiation: Which joints should be assisted at least by an exoskeleton and with what amount?

Climbing stairs can become a daily obstacle for elderly people, and an exoskeleton can assist here. However, the exoskeletons that are designed to assist stair climbing are actuated in different ways. To find a minimal actuation configuration, we identify the assist phases by evaluating the power deficit of 11 healthy but weak elderly people (72.

Stair ascent comparison of lower limb kinematics with differing time normalization techniques.

Understanding gait differences in context of group differences is dependent on statistical testing methods and time normalization techniques (TN). The method induces a relationship of both with one another. As to our knowledge, there has been no investigation into their relation so far.

Carvedilol versus metoprolol in the acute phase of myocardial infarction:

Beta-adrenergic blockers provide significant cardioprotection during acute ischemia and reperfusion. To further explore the effects of additional alpha-1-adrenoceptor blockade on autonomic modulation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), carvedilol was compared with metoprolol in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). In a prospective study, 100 consecutive patients (61.

Carvedilol versus metoprolol in patients undergoing direct percutaneous coronary interventions for myocardial infarction: effects on QT dynamicity.

Beta-adrenergic blockers exert significant antiarrhythmic activity during ischemia and reperfusion. To further explore the beneficial effects conferred by alpha-1-adrenoceptor blockade on ventricular repolarization dynamicity in the acute phase of myocardial infarction (AMI), we compared carvedilol with metoprolol in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In a prospective study, 100 consecutive patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI were randomized to metoprolol 200 mg/day versus carvedilol 25 mg/day.