Pretreatment oral hygiene habits and survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

Background: The survival time of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is related to health behavior, such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Poor oral health (OH), dental care (DC) and the frequent use of mouthwash have been shown to represent independent risk factors for head and neck cancerogenesis, but their impact on the survival of HNSCC patients has not been systematically investigated.

Methods: Two hundred seventy-six incident HNSCC cases recruited for the ARCAGE study were followed through a period of 6-10 years.

Early infant growth is associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible children.

Background: Islet autoimmunity commonly develops early in infancy. We assessed whether specific parameters of early growth (including weight gain) were associated with the development of islet autoimmunity in children of type 1 diabetes patients, taking individual developmental patterns into account.

Methods: Growth parameters were estimated in n = 1011 children followed from birth in the prospective BABYDIAB and BABYDIET studies using longitudinal models.

Compromised gut microbiota networks in children with anti-islet cell autoimmunity.

The gut microbiome is suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes. Evidence of anti-islet cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes appears in the first years of life; however, little is known regarding the establishment of the gut microbiome in early infancy. Here, we sought to determine whether differences were present in early composition of the gut microbiome in children in whom anti-islet cell autoimmunity developed.

Respiratory infections in early life and the development of islet autoimmunity in children at increased type 1 diabetes risk: evidence from the BABYDIET study.

Importance: There is evidence for a role of infections within the pathogenesis of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), but previous studies did not allow assessment of potential critical time windows in this context.

Objective: To examine whether early, short-term, or cumulative exposures to episodes of infection and fever during the first 3 years of life were associated with the initiation of persistent islet autoimmunity in children at increased T1D risk.

Design: Prospective cohort study with daily infection records and regular assessment of islet autoimmunity.

Mesalamine modulates intercellular adhesion through inhibition of p-21 activated kinase-1.

Mesalamine (5-ASA) is widely used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, a remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon. Knowledge about the molecular and cellular targets of 5-ASA is limited and a clear understanding of its activity in intestinal homeostasis and interference with neoplastic progression is lacking. We sought to identify molecular pathways interfered by 5-ASA, using CRC cell lines with different genetic background.

α-Catulin downregulates E-cadherin and promotes melanoma progression and invasion.

Metastasis is associated with poor prognosis for melanoma responsible for about 90% of skin cancer-related mortality. To metastasize, melanoma cells must escape keratinocyte control, invade across the basement membrane and survive in the dermis by resisting apoptosis before they can intravasate into the circulation. α-Catulin (CTNNAL1) is a cytoplasmic molecule that integrates the crosstalk between nuclear factor-kappa B and Rho signaling pathways, binds to β-catenin and increases the level of both α-catenin and β-catenin and therefore has potential effects on inflammation, apoptosis and cytoskeletal reorganization.

Age- and islet autoimmunity-associated differences in amino acid and lipid metabolites in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Islet autoimmunity precedes type 1 diabetes and often initiates in childhood. Phenotypic variation in islet autoimmunity relative to the age of its development suggests heterogeneous mechanisms of autoimmune activation. To support this notion, we examined whether serum metabolite profiles differ between children with respect to islet autoantibody status and the age of islet autoantibody development.

Accelerated progression from islet autoimmunity to diabetes is causing the escalating incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising worldwide, particularly in young children. Since type 1 diabetes is preceded by autoimmunity to islet antigens, there must be a consequent increase in the incidence of islet autoimmunity in young children or a more rapid rate of progression to diabetes once islet autoimmunity initiates. This study was to determine whether the incidence of islet autoimmunity or the rate of progression from autoimmunity to diabetes onset has changed over a 20-year period in children genetically predisposed to type 1 diabetes.

Endothelial cell-based methods for the detection of cyanobacterial anti-inflammatory and wound-healing promoting metabolites.

Acute lung injury is accompanied by an increased endothelial chemokine production and adhesion molecule expression, which may result in an extensive neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, a destruction of the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium may result in permeability edema. As such, the search for novel anti-inflammatory substances, able to downregulate these parameters as well as the tissue damage holds therapeutic promise.