Prospects of nanoparticle-based radioenhancement for radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is a key pillar of solid cancer treatment. Despite a high level of conformal dose deposition, radiotherapy is limited due to co-irradiation of organs at risk and subsequent normal tissue toxicities. Nanotechnology offers an attractive opportunity for increasing the efficacy and safety of cancer radiotherapy.

Catalytic activity imperative for nanoparticle dose enhancement in photon and proton therapy.

Nanoparticle-based radioenhancement is a promising strategy for extending the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. While (pre)clinical results are encouraging, sound mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle radioenhancement, especially the effects of nanomaterial selection and irradiation conditions, has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigate the radioenhancement mechanisms of selected metal oxide nanomaterials (including SiO, TiO, WO and HfO), TiN and Au nanoparticles for radiotherapy utilizing photons (150 kVp and 6 MV) and 100 MeV protons.

Inhibition of microglial EZH2 leads to anti-tumoral effects in pediatric diffuse midline gliomas.

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), within diffuse midline gliomas are aggressive pediatric brain tumors characterized by histone H3-K27M mutation. Small-molecule inhibitors for the EZH2-H3K27 histone methyltransferase have shown promise in preclinical animal models of DIPG, despite having little effect on DIPG cells . Therefore, we hypothesized that the effect of EZH2 inhibition could be mediated through targeting of this histone modifying enzyme in tumor-associated microglia.