Clinical and legal issues of inmates' food refusal: the importance of decision-making capacity assessment.

Inmates' food refusal is a large-scale phenomenon raising clinical, ethical, and professional responsibility issues. Obtaining a clinical balance of the right to refuse food with the right to protect the inmate's health can be a challenging process. Several reasons may support inmates' choice of refusing food, including political or protest reasons, as well as psychiatric disorders.

Autopsy findings of fatal retroperitoneal hemorrhage after traumatic rupture of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma.

The present work reports the autopsy findings of a unique case characterized by fatal retroperitoneal hemorrhage following the traumatic rupture of bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. Renal angiomyolipomas are generally benign tumors with an unpredictable clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic to sudden rupture and hemorrhagic shock. They may be associated with genetic disorders such as tuberous sclerosis complex.

A Retrospective Analysis of Familicide in Latium (Italy): A Criminological Profile of the Victims and Offenders Involved in 29 Cases and a Comparison with the Literature.

Familicide, an extreme form of domestic violence where one family member kills another, is a complex criminological issue. We analyzed autopsy files from the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata (1995-2022), to understand familicide better. The study focused on victim profiles, offender characteristics, and case dynamics.

Profiling Players Involved in Overkill: An Analysis of 71 Cases in Central Italy.

"Overkill" is characterized by the finding of excessive wounds on the victim's body. Despite the large use of this term, it does not have a definition in the literature yet. Our study aimed to analyze the information related to the dynamics of overkill cases, collecting objective variables, and producing a profile of the players involved in this type of homicides.

A Rapid Fatal Outcome of Iliopsoas Hematoma: Clinical and Autopsy Findings.

A case of massive muscular bleeding of iliopsoas resulting in lethal exsanguination is presented. The intramuscular bleeding occurred spontaneously in an old man with heart failure, presented to the emergency department after the acute onset of shortness of breath, and treated with therapeutic doses of antiplatelets and heparin to prevent thrombosis. On the sixth day of recovery, pain in the left lumbar region develops while there was a decrease in hemoglobin level.

Obesity as a social phenomenon: A narrative review.

Background: obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world. Because of its high social impact, the broadest possible approach on several levels - and not limited only to clinical aspect - is needed to better understand and face the challenges obesity poses to public health.

Objectives: to analyse, through the main evidence, the social impact of weight excess in the general population and the actions aimed at mitigating its negative effects.

Health Management in Italian Prisons during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Focus on the Second and Third Wave.

Unlabelled: The SARS-CoV-2 spread is a threatening and challenging issue for correctional systems worldwide because of many factors, particularly overcrowding and of the intrinsic characteristics of the population. The prevention measures adopted by the Italian Government were aimed to protect and preserve both inmates' and prison workers' health. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the adopted strategies.

From overkill to beheading: A case report of a schizophrenic matricide.

Unlabelled: Initial evidence exists on a subtype of matricide committed by subjects suffering from severe mental disorders. Matricide perpetrators often undergo a forensic psychiatric evaluation during the subsequent criminal trial because of supposed legal insanity. The few studies on matricide by mentally disordered perpetrators suggested a possible association between such extreme form of violence and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, especially in case of active delusions or hallucinations.

Drug detection in decomposed cadavers confirms testimonial evidence in a case of serial homicides.

Toxicology investigation on human's buried dead bodies is a rare and challenging task in the forensic field. As requested by the Judicial Authority, this work aimed to verify testimonial evidence that emerged during a criminal investigation involving multiple murder cases. The statements indicated an improper medical administration of one or more alleged drugs (propofol, morphine, diazepam, and midazolam) which presumably caused the deaths.

An unusual case of death using a compacting machine.

In the large series of forensic injury, death from accidental me-chanical asphyxiation in adults is rare and is usually secondary to suffocation, aspiration, strangulation caused by entrapment of clothing in machinery (deaths at work) or asphyxiation in the course of erotic maneuvers. Compression asphyxia is a form of violent mechanical asphyxia in which the asphyxiated insult is produced by means of a compression and constriction mechanism of the thoracic cage. The authors report an unusual case of asphyxiated death from chest com-pression resulting from the action of a compacting machine, which occurred in a person who had fallen asleep in a waste bin.

Snakebite Envenoming a Challenging Diagnosis for the Forensic Pathologist: A Systematic Review.

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a public health issue in developing countries. The estimated annual global incidence of snakebites is about 5.4 million snakebites per year, resulting from 1.

Digenic Inheritance of Shortened Repeat Units of the D4Z4 Region and a Loss-of-Function Variant in in a Family With FSHD.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a neuromuscular disorder which is typically transmitted by an autosomal dominant pattern, although reduced penetrance and sporadic cases caused by mutations, are often observed. FSHD may be caused by a contraction of a repetitive element, located on chromosome 4 (4q35). This locus is named and consists of 11 to more than 100 repeated units (RU).

Identification of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy mosaic carriers through a combined DNA/RNA analysis.

Objective: The Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD) carrier screening includes the evaluation of mutations in DMD gene, and the most widely used analysis is the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for the DMD deletions/duplications detection. The high frequency of de novo mutations permits to estimate a risk up to 20% of mosaicisms for mothers of sporadic DMD children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate alternative analytical strategy for the detection of mosaics carrier women, in order to improve the recurrence risk estimation.

The diagnostic delay of oral carcinoma.

This paper describes the results of a retrospective study that analyzed the extent and role of diagnostic delays on the development and prognosis of oral cancer. We consulted the digital archives of the Anatomy and Pathology Department of the University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia for the period from 2000 to 2016, to identify all patients with oral cavity lesions according to the SNOMED coding system. In total, 645 reports of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were retrieved.

Application of Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

One of the main challenges for healthcare systems is the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative pathologies together with the rapidly aging populations. The enormous progresses made in the field of biomedical research and informatics have been crucial for improving the knowledge of how genes, epigenetic modifications, aging, nutrition, drugs and microbiome impact health and disease. In fact, the availability of high technology and computational facilities for large-scale analysis enabled a deeper investigation of neurodegenerative disorders, providing a more comprehensive overview of disease and encouraging the development of a precision medicine approach for these pathologies.

Data from RE distressed market: Properties auctions in Italy.

This paper reports data describing Real Estate (RE) distressed market, focusing on properties foreclosures occurred in North-East Italy. A survey was carried out consulting financial institutions, courts of law and different associations of public notaries. The aim of this survey was to record RE auctions, collecting technical and socio-economic features.

Necrotizing fasciitis. Possible profiles of professional liability with reference to two cases.

Unlabelled: Necrotizing fasciitis is one of the most dangerous complication of an abscess and it is still a disease with a high mortality. In this work, we decided to consider two cases: the first one concerns a male subject, aged 66, deceased because of a fatal necrotizing fasciitis associated to a cervical descending mediastinitis, which evolved from a primary peritonsillar abscess; the second is about a 50-year-old woman with a perineal abscess, then evolved into necrotizing fasciitis associated to a fatal septis shock. After a systematic consideration of necrotizing fasciitis as pathology and an analysis of the possible related risks to a diagnostic or therapeutic delay, we analyzed the particular history of both cases to underline the possible critical issues in professional behavior of the medical staff intervened.

Housing price gradient and immigrant population: Data from the Italian real estate market.

The database presented here was collected by Antoniucci and Marella to analyze the correlation between the housing price gradient and the immigrant population in Italy during 2016. It may also be useful in other statistical analyses, be they on the real estate market or in another branches of social science. The data sample relates to 112 Italian provincial capitals.

A case of fulminant subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting with acute myoclonic-astatic epilepsy.

The neurologic sequelae post-measles are less common than other complications measles-related and can lead to severe disability or death: primary measles encephalitis (PME), acute post-infectious measles encephalomyelitis (APME), measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE), and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). SSPE syndrome can affect people years from the acute measles virus infection, as result of the persistence of defective viral particles in brain cells. Clinical onset typically manifests with progressive intellectual deterioration, behavioral changes, and myoclonic jerks.

Residential construction cost: An Italian survey.

This paper reports data describing development projects for new buildings according to construction costs in North-East Italy. A survey was carried out on local companies undertaking new residential development projects in two Italian regions (Veneto and Lombardy). The aim of this survey was to record new real estate construction projects, collecting both technical and socio-economic cost features.

[Regulatory aspects and medicolegal considerations regarding clinical drug trials].

This article aims to explore the regulatory and medicolegal aspects of experimental drug trials. Firstly, the authors provide definitions of drug according to WHO, the European Community and our official Pharmacopoeia, and that of experimental studies. They then explain the distinction between pure or basic research and drug trials and explain the various phases of the latter.