The influence of probiotic administration on the phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood of dairy cows during different lactation periods.

Introduction: The objective of this bovine peripheral blood study was a comparative assessment of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes and of the intracellular killing capacity of neutrophils from cows given no probiotic and from cows which were administered a probiotic consisting of and . These activity types were compared during different lactation periods.

Material And Methods: A cohort of 20 pregnant dairy cows was divided into two groups of 10.

Interleukin-6 as a Milk Marker of Clinical and Subclinical Intramammary Infections (IMI) in Cows Caused by spp.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in milk and serum of healthy cows (HE) and cows with mastitis caused by spp. The blood and milk samples were obtained from Holstein-Friesian cows (Lublin region, Poland). A total of 43 milk and serum samples from 28 cows with mastitis and 15 healthy cows were selected for study.

Comparative analysis of total protein, casein, lactose, and fat content in milk of cows suffering from subclinical and clinical mastitis caused by spp.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the total protein (TP), casein (CAS), lactose (LAC), and fat content of milk from cows with subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) caused by spp.

Material And Methods: A total of 60 milk samples from diseased cows and 30 milk samples from healthy cows were included in the study. Milk samples were taken from Holstein-Friesian cows from four dairy farms in Lublin Province.

Topoisomerase IIα immunoexpression in feline mammary carcinomas: A correlation with Ki67 immunoexpression and the mitotic count.

The aim of the study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of topoisomerase IIα protein (Topo IIα) with Ki67 expression and mitotic count in feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs). Topo IIα is considered as a proliferation indicator as well as a molecular target of anthracycline chemotherapy. The studied material included 70 FMCs from female cats treated with mastectomy.

Divergences between serum C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations in canine pyometra.

The main aim of this report was to investigate and compare the response of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, two positive acute phase proteins (APPs) which usually show an increase in inflammatory processes, in dogs with pyometra. For this purpose, two different studies were made. In the first one , both proteins were measured together in an APPs profile in 25 dogs with pyometra, 25 dogs with pancreatitis (as an example of a positive inflammatory control group), and in 25 healthy dogs.

Assessment of Selected Immunological Parameters in Dairy Cows with Naturally Occurring Mycotoxicosis before and after the Application of a Mycotoxin Deactivator.

Introduction: Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).

Activity of the glycosidases β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and sialidase in uterine tissues from female dogs in diestrus with and without pyometra.

This study aimed to compare the activity of selected glycosidases (β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and sialidase) in homogenates of uterine tissues obtained from female dogs with and without pyometra. In addition, it examined the availability of substrates for these glycosidases in the homogenates. The study was carried out on female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy for pyometra (n = 10) and clinically healthy dogs (n = 10) undergoing elective spaying.

Comparative evaluation of cytokine and acute-phase protein concentrations in sera of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis as a different view of the causes of the disease.

Background And Aim: Ketosis is a common disease occurring during the first stage of lactation in highly productive dairy cows. The aim of the present study was the comparative assessment of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-10), and acute-phase proteins (APPs) (including haptoglobin [Hp] and serum amyloid A [SAA]), in the sera of cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK), in those with clinical ketosis (CK), and in healthy cows.

Materials And Methods: Thirty dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed were investigated.

Measurement of ITIH4 and Hp levels in bitches with pyometra using newly developed ELISA methods.

Measurement of acute phase proteins (APPs) as biomarkers in canine medicine is in increasing demand. In the present study, the development and validation of two ELISA methods for the quantification of canine inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) and haptoglobin (Hp) are shown. The adequate imprecision and accuracy and wide analytical range make the developed methods appropriate to quantify ITIH4 and Hp in serum samples.

Decorin concentrations in canine normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissues.

In the present study, the concentration of decorin in canine normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissues was examined to understand the potential role of decorin in development and progression of canine mammary tumours. The homogenates of 48 mammary gland tumours (10 benign and 38 malignant) and 10 samples of normal canine mammary gland tissue were used in the study. The presence and quantification of decorin was examined in the homogenates using Western blot and specific canine ELISA.

Changes in interferon-gamma and neopterin in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy as elective spay or as treatment of pyometra.

The objective of this study was to determine serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and neopterin (Np) in dogs with pyometra admitted for surgical treatment and to compare these concentrations to healthy dogs admitted for elective spay. The effects of the surgical procedure were also evaluated by measuring these markers in both groups of dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy. Our study indicates that pre-surgery concentrations of INF-γ (57.

Serum amyloid A as an marker of cow֨ s mastitis caused by Streptococcus sp.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of amyloid A in serum (SAA) and in milk (MAA) of cows with mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis and healthy cows. The blood and milk samples were obtained from Holstein-Friesian cows with clinical signs of mastitis from two tie-stall housing systems herds in the Lublin region in Poland. A total of 80 milk and serum samples from 30 cows with mastitis and 10 healthy cows were selected for study.

Serum and salivary adiponectin dynamics in septic and non-septic systemic inflammation in a canine model.

Adiponectin is a 30 kDa protein hormone that has anti-atherogenic properties, being an insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory molecule. Salivary adiponectin concentrations correlate positively with serum, thus, saliva was indicated as appropriate biofluid for its measurement in different clinical situations. However, inflammation was indicated as main confounding factor when evaluating the usefulness and the reliability of determination of salivary adiponectin.

Selected leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and uterine washings in cows before and after intrauterine administration of cefapirin and methisoprinol.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the selected lymphocyte subpopulations TCD4, TCD8, BCD21, BCD25, CD18, CD11b, and MHC II in blood and uterine flush of cows with endometritis, before and after intrauterine (i.u.) administration of cefapirin and methisoprinol.

The effect of pyometra on glycosylation of proteins in the uterine tissues from female dogs.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyometra on glycosylation of proteins in the uterine tissues from female dogs, using western blotting with selected lectins (Sambucus nigra agglutinin - SNA and Maackia amurensis agglutinin - MAL II). In addition protein pattern of examined tissues was also evaluated. The study was performed on 10 female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy because of pyometra and 10 clinically healthy female dogs, undergoing elective spaying (ovariohysterectomy).

Immunohistochemical expression of p63 protein and calponin in canine mammary tumours.

The aim of this study was to compare the expression of p63 protein and calponin in terms of their affinity and specificity for myoepithelial cells in canine mammary tumours. The studied material included 10 benign and 32 malignant mammary tumours from female dogs treated with mastectomy. Primary mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against p63 protein clone 4A4 and calponin clone CALP were used in single- and doublestain system of immunohistochemical reaction.

Acute-phase inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) levels in serum and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus species and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species.

The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of acute-phase inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) in serum and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. (STR) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) and healthy cows.

Tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid concentrations and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in serum and milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The aim of the study was to investigate serum and milk concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in cows suffering from subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS). TRP and kynurenines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and IDO activity was calculated as the KYN/TRP ratio. The blood and milk samples were collected from 40 midlactation Holstein-Fresian cows from two herds in the Lublin region in Poland.

Milk and serum IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and amyloid A concentrations in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and acute phase protein amyloid A in milk and in serum from cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and from healthy cows. The blood and milk samples were obtained from 35 midlactation, multiparous (between parities 2 and 4) Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk samples from 20 cows with subclinical mastitis, the following species of Staphylococcus were detected: Staphylococcus xylosus (8 samples), Staphylococcus chromogenes (6 samples), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2 samples), Staphylococcus simulans (2 samples), and Staphylococcus sciuri (2 samples).

Preliminary study on plasma proteins in pregnant and non-pregnant female dogs.

In this study, we used a combined approach based on 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), difference in gel electrophoresis (DIGE), and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the plasma protein composition in pregnant female dogs and compared it with non-pregnant female dogs. We used the plasma samples obtained from four female dogs during I, II, and III thirds of pregnancy, three days after parturition, as well as from four non-pregnant female dogs in diestrus phase. Analysis of 2-DE gel image exhibited of 249 protein spots.

Serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in bitches with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Background: Pyometra is a serious bacterial infection of the uterus affecting female dogs and manifests as an accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen. The aim of the study was to assess changes in serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations in bitches with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Findings: Blood samples were collected from healthy bitches (controls) and bitches with pyometra before surgery, and 3 and 10 days after ovariohysterectomy.

Heat shock protein 70 and nitric oxide concentrations in non-tumorous and neoplastic canine mammary tissues: preliminary results - Short communication.

The concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and nitric oxide ions (NO), measured as nitrite, were determined in canine mammary tumours and nontumorous mammary gland tissues. The concentrations of Hsp70 and NO were significantly higher in both benign and malignant tumours than in non-tumorous mammary tissues. Hsp70 concentration decreased with the increase in the grade of histological malignancy.

Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and C-reactive protein concentrations before and after ovariohysterectomy in bitches with pyometra.

Pyometra is one of the most common diseases of the reproductive system in bitches. The inflammatory processes occurring in the uterus result in changes in concentrations of numerous serum biomarkers, which are used for monitoring the postoperative period. The aim of the present report was to study the evolution of serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in bitches suffered from pyometra and after ovariohysterectomy in comparison with the control group of healthy dogs submitted to the surgery.

Concentrations of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin in uterine arterial and peripheral blood in bitches with pyometra.

Pyometra is a life-threatening reproductive disorder that affects the uterus of female dogs. This study was designed to identify the possible indicators of uterine inflammation by comparing C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations in uterine arterial and peripheral venous blood in bitches with open- and closed-cervix pyometra. CRP, SAA, and Hp concentrations were higher in bitches with closed-cervix pyometra irrespective of the site of blood collection.