Dissecting the importance and origin of circulating myokines in gastric cancer cachexia.

Background: Some experimental data suggest that myokines may play an important role in developing cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), but their relevance in humans remains poorly explored. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that circulating myokines are associated with the pathogenesis of CAC in a model population of gastric cancer.

Methods: A group of 171 treatment naïve patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were prospectively examined.

What determines complications and prognosis among patients subject to multivisceral resections for locally advanced gastric cancer?

Background: Locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) extending to the surrounding tissues may require a multivisceral resection (MVR) to provide the best chance of cure. However, little is known about how the extent of organ resection affects the risks and benefits of surgery.

Methods: An electronic database of patients treated between 1996 and 2020 in an academic surgical centre was reviewed.

Nomogram-Based Prognostic Evaluation of Gastric Cancer Patients with Low Counts of Examined Lymph Nodes Outperforms the Predictive Ability of the 7 and 8 Editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System.

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system has limited accuracy in predicting survival of gastric cancer patients with inadequate counts of evaluated lymph nodes (LNs). We therefore aimed to develop a prognostic nomogram suitable for clinical applications in such cases.

Methods: A total of 1511 noncardia gastric cancer patients treated between 1990 and 2010 in the academic surgical center were reviewed to compare the 7 and 8 editions of the AJCC staging system.

Polish Consensus on Gastric Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment - Update 2022.

This document - "Polish Consensus on Gastric Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment - Update 2022" - represents an expert consensus following a year's worth of dedicated effort by a team of specialists throughout 2021, put forward in a conference in December 2021 in Krakow, and finalized below for publication in 2022. The effective date of this document is June 14th 2022. The work that went into updating this consensus was made under auspices of the Polish Society of Surgical Oncology and the Association of Polish Surgeons.

Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in resectable rectal cancer after preoperative short-course radiotherapy-results from randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: The value of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with rectal cancer has not yet been unequivocally established. This study aims to assess the effect of the lymph node ratio on the prognosis of rectal cancer in patients operated after short-course preoperative 25 Gy radiotherapy, at 10-year follow-up.

Methods: This is a substudy based on data from a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Comprehensive cancer-oriented biobanking resource of human samples for studies of post-zygotic genetic variation involved in cancer predisposition.

The progress in translational cancer research relies on access to well-characterized samples from a representative number of patients and controls. The rationale behind our biobanking are explorations of post-zygotic pathogenic gene variants, especially in non-tumoral tissue, which might predispose to cancers. The targeted diagnoses are carcinomas of the breast (via mastectomy or breast conserving surgery), colon and rectum, prostate, and urinary bladder (via cystectomy or transurethral resection), exocrine pancreatic carcinoma as well as metastases of colorectal cancer to the liver.

Preoperative radiotherapy 5 × 5 Gy and short versus long interval between surgery for resectable rectal cancer: 10-Year follow-up of the randomised controlled trial.

Background: Studies on short-course preoperative radiotherapy in combination with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer reported improved local control without clear survival benefits. The optimal fractionation and interval between radiotherapy and surgery are still under debate. We, therefore, aimed to report 10-year results of a randomized clinical trial (RCT, NCT01444495) comparing different time intervals between irradiation and surgery for rectal cancer.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors Affecting Short-term and Long-term Outcomes of Gastric Cancer Resection.

Background: The aim of this study was the analysis of the influence of prognostic factors on short- and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer resection.

Patients And Methods: A database of 709 patients who had gastric cancer resection between 2007 and 2015 was compiled.

Results: Total gastrectomy (TG) and subtotal proximal gastrectomy (SPG) significantly increased the risk of overall complications (p=0.

Preoperative Short-Course Radiotherapy and Surgery versus Surgery Alone for Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis at 18-Year Follow-Up.

A significant problem for long-term rectal cancer survivors may be the late toxicity of radiotherapy. It creates the possible risk of developing second primary malignancy and a theoretical decrease in overall survival. This study aimed to assess the influence of short-course preoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer on overall survival, local recurrence rate, and second malignancy at 18-year follow-up.

Arterial resections in pancreatic cancer - Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The number of pancreatic resections due to cancers is increasing. While concomitant venous resections are routinely performed in specialized centers, arterial resections are still controversial. Nevertheless they are performed in patients presenting with locally advanced tumors.

T Regulatory CD4CD25FoxP3 Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Patients.

T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are one of the subsets of T-lymphocytes involved in the interaction of neoplastic tumors and the host immune system, and they may impair the immune reaction against cancer. It has been shown that Treg are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers. In colorectal cancer, the prognostic role of Treg remains controversial.

Prognostic and predictive implications of sarcopenia in Western patients undergoing gastric resections for carcinoma of the stomach.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, but there is a lack of adequate data from Western populations.

Methods: Computed tomography scans of 138 Caucasian patients subject to stomach resections due to gastric adenocarcinoma between 2012 and 2015 were reviewed to evaluate the impact of sarcopenia. The definition of sarcopenia was based on the lumbar skeletal muscle index (SMI) using cut-off values formulated by the international consensus definitions of sarcopenia (SMI <52.

Types and implications of abdominal fluid collections following gastric cancer surgery.

Little data are available for abscess and non-abscess abdominal fluid collections (AFCs) after gastric cancer surgery and their clinical implications. We sought to analyse the natural history of such collections in a population of patients subject to routine postoperative imaging. From 1996 to 2012, 1381 patients underwent gastric resections and routine postoperative monitoring with abdominal ultrasound.

Rationale and feasibility of mucin expression profiling by qRT-PCR as diagnostic biomarkers in cytology specimens of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Aberrantly expressed mucin glycoproteins (MUC) play important roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet their use as a diagnostic aid in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the rationale and feasibility of mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6) expression profiling by RT-PCR for diagnostic applications in cytology.

Methods: Mucin expression was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in specimens resected from patients with pancreatic (n = 101), ampullary (n = 23), and common bile duct (n = 10) cancers and 33 with chronic pancreatitis.

CD44 cytokeratin-positive tumor cells in blood and bone marrow are associated with poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Background: The phenotypic heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow is an important constraint for clinical decision making. Here, we investigated the implications of two different subpopulations of these cells in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: GC patients (n = 228) who underwent elective gastric resections were prospectively examined for CTC/DTC.

Evaluation of serum microRNA biomarkers for gastric cancer based on blood and tissue pools profiling: the importance of miR-21 and miR-331.

Background: High stability and disease-specific disarrangements suggest that microRNA molecules (miRNAs) present in body fluids are ideally suited for diagnostic applications, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the actual source of circulating miRNA biomarkers in GC has not been adequately evaluated, particularly in the Western populations that have some distinct characteristics compared with Asian patients.

Methods: Twenty treatment-naive patients with GC along with 20 cancer-free controls were recruited.

Glycosylation Changes in Serum Proteins Identify Patients with Pancreatic Cancer.

After more than a decade of biomarker discovery using advanced proteomic and genomic approaches, very few biomarkers have been involved in clinical diagnostics. Most candidate biomarkers are focused on the protein component. Targeting post-translational modifications (PTMs) in combination with protein sequences will provide superior diagnostic information with regards to sensitivity and specificity.

Prognostic Implications of Expression Profiling for Gemcitabine-Related Genes (hENT1, dCK, RRM1, RRM2) in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of expression profiling of 4 genes involved in the action of gemcitabine among patients with pancreatic ductal-cell adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: A group of 100 patients who underwent pancreatic resections for PDAC and received adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine between 2007 and 2010 was identified. Expression of mRNAs for human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), ribonucleotide reductase subunits (RRM1, RRM2), and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and dichotomized into groups of low and moderate/high expression levels grouped by tertiles.

Preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte and Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratios Reflect Immune Cell Population Rearrangement in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) may serve as a simple index of the immune function. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of NLR, PLR, and LMR in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to verify whether such biomarkers are associated with changes in populations of lymphoid cells.

Methods: The prognostic implications of blood count parameters were evaluated in a retrospective cohort of 442 subjects undergoing pancreatic resections for PDAC.

Factors predicting adequate lymph node yield in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for malignancy.

Background: Most pancreatoduodenectomy resections do not meet the minimum of 12 lymph nodes recommended by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for accurate staging of periampullary malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the likelihood of adequate nodal yield in pancreatoduodenectomy specimens subject to routine pathological assessment.

Methods: Six hundred sixty-two patients subject to pancreatoduodenectomy between 1990 and 2013 for pancreatic, ampullary, and common bile duct cancers were reviewed.

Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6) profiling of pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma improves diagnostic and prognostic performance.

Aims: Mucin (MUC) glycoproteins are involved in various steps of the carcinogenesis and progression of human malignancies. The aim of this study was to verify whether semiquantitative evaluation of MUC staining by immunohistochemistry may help to differentiate pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas.

Methods And Results: Mucin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens resected from 101 patients with PDAC and 33 with chronic pancreatitis, and in 40 normal pancreatic tissue specimens.

Feasibility and outcomes of early oral feeding after total gastrectomy for cancer.

Background: Little data are available supporting the feasibility and safety of early oral feeding in patients after total gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential applicability of early provision of oral diet in these settings.

Methods: Medical records of 353 patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

Natural history of intra-abdominal fluid collections following pancreatic surgery.

Background: Little data are available for non-abscess abdominal fluid collections (AFCs) after pancreatic surgery and their clinical implications. We sought to analyze the natural history of such collections in a population of patients subject to routine postoperative imaging.

Methods: From 1995 to 2011, 709 patients underwent pancreatic resections and routine postoperative monitoring with abdominal ultrasound according to a unit protocol.