The effect of value on context and target recollection in memory for truth and falsity.

Memory for truth and falsity has recently been investigated from the perspective of the dual-recollection theory, showing better context and target recollection for truth than falsity. In this paper, we examine whether these memory effects obtained for true statements are similar to the value effect, whereby true statements are given higher priority in encoding. For this purpose, we implemented value-directed remembering (VDR) into the conjoint-recognition paradigm.

Representation of shared surface information and false memory for abstract versus concrete pictures in the conjoint recognition paradigm.

An effective factor by which false memories can arise is relatedness which includes not only semantic associations but also perceptual resemblance. This issue raises questions about how patterns of perceptual features are represented in memory and how they relate to semantic representations. In five experiments, we investigated the memory processes underlying the false recognition of perceptually or semantically related pictures from the perspective of fuzzy trace theory.

Does context recollection depend on the base-rate of contextual features?

Episodic recollection is defined by the re-experiencing of contextual and target details of a past event. The base-rate dependency hypothesis assumes that the retrieval of one contextual feature from an integrated episodic trace cues the retrieval of another associated feature, and that the more often a particular configuration of features occurs, the more effective this mutual cueing will be. Alternatively, the conditional probability of one feature given another feature may be neglected in memory for contextual features since they are not directly bound to one another.

Context and target recollection for words and pictures in young adults with developmental dyslexia.

Introduction: The specificity of memory functioning in developmental dyslexia is well known and intensively studied. However, most research has been devoted to working memory, and many uncertain issues about episodic memory remain practically unexplored. Moreover, most studies have investigated memory in children and adolescents-much less research has been conducted on adults.

Recollection of "true" feedback is better than "false" feedback independently of a priori beliefs: an investigation from the perspective of dual-recollection theory.

The processes underlying memory for truth and falsity have been explored and discussed in experimental psychology for over thirty years now. Psychologists have often referred to the Spinozan and Cartesian models about truth-value information "tagging" but, so far, experimental results have been inconsistent. This paper investigates memory for truth and falsity from the new perspective of the dual-recollection theory.

Closing the door to false memory: the effects of levels-of-processing and stimulus type on the rejection of perceptually vs. semantically dissimilar distractors.

False recognition memory for nonstudied items that share features with targets can be reduced by retrieval monitoring mechanisms. The recall-to-reject process, for example, involves the recollection of information about studied items that disqualifies inconsistent test probes. Monitoring for specific features during retrieval may be enhanced by an encoding orientation that is recapitulated during retrieval.

Levels-of-processing effects on context and target recollection for words and pictures.

The effects of levels of processing (LoP) on memory performance have been extensively studied in cognitive psychology for about half a century. The initial observation of superior memory for words studied under a semantic orienting task rather than a perceptual orienting task elicited a theoretical debate about the underlying mechanisms of this effect. Next, research on LoP effects was extended to pictorial stimuli and connected with analyses of recollection and familiarity processes of recognition memory.

The base rate neglect in episodic memory.

The main objective of the present research was, for the first time, to assess a potential similarity in the representational bases for the base rate neglect in memory versus conditional probability judgment. Participants learned target and filler words, each of which was presented on a separate list (List 1 or List 2) and in a distinct colour (red or blue), with a manipulation of different base rates for these list and colour categories. During recognition tests, participants made prior and posterior episodic judgments (e.

False memory for orthographically versus semantically similar words in adolescents with dyslexia: a fuzzy-trace theory perspective.

The presented research was conducted in order to investigate the connections between developmental dyslexia and the functioning of verbatim and gist memory traces-assumed in the fuzzy-trace theory. The participants were 71 high school students (33 with dyslexia and 38 without learning difficulties). The modified procedure and multinomial model of Stahl and Klauer (simplified conjoint recognition model) was used to collect and analyze data.

Executive Resources and Item-Context Binding: Exploring the Influence of Concurrent Inhibition, Updating, and Shifting Tasks on Context Memory.

Previous research has demonstrated that context memory performance decreases as a result of cognitive load. However, the role of specific executive resources availability has not been specified yet. In a dual-task experiment, participants performed three kinds of concurrent task engaging: inhibition, updating, or shifting operations.

Context reinstatement and memory for intrinsic versus extrinsic context: the role of item generation at encoding or retrieval.

According to many theoretical accounts, reinstating study context at the time of test creates optimal circumstances for item retrieval. The role of context reinstatement was tested in reference to context memory in several experiments. On the encoding phase, participants were presented with words printed in two different font colors (intrinsic context) or two different sides of the computer screen (extrinsic context).

Generation difficulty and memory for source.

The role of the word predictability from sentence context for reality monitoring and external source monitoring was examined in two experiments. In a reality-monitoring task, discrimination of an internal source was better in the hard than in the easy condition. It is probable that extra cognitive operations engaged during word generation in the hard condition were effective cues for reality-monitoring judgements.

[Features of the self-structure and source monitoring disorders in people with schizophrenia].

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore relationships between self-structure and source monitoring in people with schizophrenia.

Method: Forty-one outpatients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenic disorders participated in the study. Subjects were asked to select personality trait words from a checklist that described themselves, themselves as they were five years ago, and what most people are like.

[Effectiveness of cognitive skills training in schizophrenia].

Aim: This study evaluated methods for improving cognitive skills of patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Subjects in the experimental group received 12 sessions of practice with various cognitive tasks, while patients in the control group participated in sessions of psychoeducation.

Results: Cognitive assessment before and after the study phase showed that patients in the experimental group had made significantly more improvement than the control group.

[Processing of context and source of information monitoring in schizophrenia].

Recent research has suggested that deficit in the processing of context could be responsible for various impairments in cognitive functioning observed in schizophrenia. Source monitoring, an ability closely related to memory for context, seems to be one of the most important correlates of positive symptoms, especially auditory hallucinations and delusions of alien control.