The In Vitro Enhancement of Retinal Cell Viability via mA and mC RNA Methylation-Mediated Changes in the Levels of Heme Oxygenase (HO-1) and DNA Damage Repair Molecules Using a 50 Hz Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Field (EMF).

Degenerative retinal diseases can lead to blindness if left untreated. At present, there are no curative therapies for retinal diseases. Therefore, effective treatment strategies for slowing the progression of retinal diseases and thus improving patients' life standards are urgently needed.

Impact of endocrine-active compounds on adrenal androgen production in pigs during neonatal period.

This study investigated the impact of neonatal exposure to endocrine-active compounds (EACs): flutamide (antiandrogen), 4-tert-octylphenol (an estrogenic compound), and methoxychlor (an organochlorine insecticide exhibiting estrogenic, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities) on androgen production within porcine adrenal glands. The expression of genes related to androgen synthesis and the level of androgen production were analyzed (i) in the adrenal glands of piglets exposed to EACs during the first 10 days of life (in vivo study), and (ii) in adrenal explants from sow-fed or formula-fed 10-day-old piglets incubated with EACs (ex vivo study). EACs affected the expression of genes linked to adrenal androgen biosynthesis.

Senescence and autophagy relation with the expressional status of non-canonical estrogen receptors in testes and adrenals of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the pre-rut period.

The roe deer bucks represent a spontaneous model to study the synchronized testicular involution and recrudescence cycles. However, cellular processes and hormonal control of steroidogenic glands are scarcely known. For the present study testes and adrenal glands obtained from roe deer during the pre-rut season were used.

Trade-offs between male fertility reduction and selected growth factors or the klotho response in a lipopolysaccharide-dependent mouse model.

The increasing number of depression cases leads to a greater need for new antidepressant treatment development. It is postulated that antidepressants may harm male fertility, but the cellular mechanism is still poorly understood. The role of growth factors and klotho protein in maintaining normal male reproductive function is well documented.

Long-Term Changes in Ovarian Follicles of Gilts Exposed Neonatally to Methoxychlor: Effects on Oocyte-Derived Factors, Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Cognate Receptors.

In this paper, we investigated the effects of neonatal exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), a synthetic organochlorine used as an insecticide with estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activities on ovarian follicles of adult pigs. Piglets were injected with MXC (20 μg/kg body weight) or corn oil (controls) from postnatal Day 1 to Day 10 ( = 5 per group). Then, mRNA expression, protein abundance and immunolocalization of growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and cognate receptors (ACVR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, TGFBR1, BMPR2, and AMHR2), as well as FSH receptor (FSHR) were examined in preantral and small antral ovarian follicles of sexually mature gilts.

Effects of neonatal methoxychlor exposure on the ovarian transcriptome in piglets.

Methoxychlor (MXC) is a man-made organochlorine insecticide capable of disrupting endocrine functions due to its mixed steroidal properties (estrogenic, anti-estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic). Retarded follicle development was recently reported in neonatal pigs treated with MXC. The goal of the current study was to better understand the mechanism of MXC action in the ovary of newborn piglets.

Cancer on-target: Selective enhancement of 3-bromopyruvate action by an electromagnetic field in vitro.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the modern world. Nowadays, most often treatment methods used in clinical oncology are drug therapies applied as monotherapy or combined therapy. Additionally, recent studies focus on developing approaches with the use of a drug in combination with other factors, not only chemical, to improve the probability and magnitude of therapeutic responses and reduce the possibility of chemoresistance.

Molecular Consequences of Depression Treatment: A Potential In Vitro Mechanism for Antidepressants-Induced Reprotoxic Side Effects.

The incidence of depression among humans is growing worldwide, and so is the use of antidepressants. However, our fundamental understanding regarding the mechanisms by which these drugs function and their off-target effects against human sexuality remains poorly defined. The present study aimed to determine their differential toxicity on mouse spermatogenic cells and provide mechanistic data of cell-specific response to antidepressant and neuroleptic drug treatment.

Dietary flaxseed's protective effects on body tissues of mice after oral exposure to xylene.

Xylene is a common pollutant in the environment that enters the body of animals and humans in various ways, but most often through the respiratory tract and adversely affects their overall health. However, xylene effects after oral exposure have not been sufficiently studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of xylene exposure on the mouse organism and to identify possible beneficial effects of flaxseed on such exposure.

Effects of neonatal exposure to methoxychlor on corpus luteum in gilts: A transcriptomic analysis.

This study investigated the effects of neonatal exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), a synthetic organochlorine used as an insecticide with estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activities, on luteal function in pigs. Piglets were injected subcutaneously with MXC (20 μg/kg body weight) or corn oil (control) between postnatal Days 1 and 10 (N = 5/group). Corpora lutea from sexually mature gilts were examined for luteal steroid and prostaglandin concentrations and processed for total RNA isolation and subsequent RNA sequencing.

IGF-1 as selected growth factor multi-response to antidepressant-like substances activity in C57BL/6J mouse testis model.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) affects almost all cells in the body. Extremely important functions of this growth factor have been demonstrated in the brain and the reproductive system of both, females and males. Also, it is considered as a pro-inflammatory cytokine adjusting tissue homeostasis.

Risk of wild fungi treatment failure: Phallus impudicus-induced telomere damage triggers p21/p53 and p16-dependent cell cycle arrest and may contribute to male fertility reduction in vitro.

The multifunctional characteristics of Phallus impudicus extract encourage to conduct research for its potential use in medical applications. Well, science is constantly seeking new evidence for the biological activity of extracts of natural origin. Drugs of natural origin should not cause any side effects on the physiological functions of the human body; however, this is not always successful.

Altered circadian dynamics of Per2 after cystathionine-β-synthase and/or cystathionine-γ-lyase pharmacological inhibition in serum-shocked NIH-3T3 cells.

Circadian clock genes are found in almost every cell that has a nucleus; they regulate the rhythmic nature of all processes that are cyclical. Among the genes controlled by the circadian clock, there are numerous factors that regulate key processes in the functioning of the cell. Disturbances in the functioning of the circadian clock are associated with numerous disorders.

Effect of neonatal exposure to endocrine-active compounds on epigenetic regulation of gene expression in corpus luteum of gilts.

Recently, we have demonstrated that neonatal exposure to environmental endocrine-active compounds (EACs) with androgenic/antiandrogenic and estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities led to morphological and functional changes in the porcine corpus luteum (CL). To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the long-term effects of EACs, we analyzed the impact of neonatal exposure of such compounds on global DNA methylation and the expression of miRNA biogenesis components in the porcine CL. Piglets were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate (TP, an androgen), flutamide (FLU, an antiandrogen), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP, an estrogenic compound), ICI 182,780 (ICI, an antiestrogen), methoxychlor (MXC, a compound with mixed activities) or corn oil (control) between postnatal days 1 and 10 (n = 5/group).

Transcriptomic profiles of the ovaries from piglets neonatally exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol.

The environmental pollutants with hormonal activities may influence steroid-mediated processes in neonatal ovaries and increase the incidence of reproductive disorders. The aim of the current study was to examine effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), a non-ionic surfactant widely used in a variety of industrial applications which has been reported to mimic the 17β-estradiol activity, on the expression of protein-coding (mRNAs) and long non-coding (lncRNAs) transcripts in neonatal ovaries of the pig. By employing RNA-Seq we aimed to gain insights into regulatory networks underlying the OP effects on the follicular development in pigs.

Focus on the Role of Klotho Protein in Neuro-Immune Interactions in HT-22 Cells Upon LPS Stimulation.

Neuroinflammation is defined as the activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is considered to be a prominent feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The contribution of overactivated neuroglial cells to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders is well documented, however, the role of hippocampal neurons in the neuroinflammatory process remains fragmentary. In this study, we show for the first time, that klotho acts as a signal transducer between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic crosstalk mediated by ER stress in HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells during LPS challenge.

Melatonin concentration in peripheral blood and melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the testis and epididymis of male roe deer during active spermatogenesis.

Melatonin regulates male reproductive function in seasonal and non-seasonal breeder mammals. The presence of melatonin membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the testis and epididymis has been demonstrated in several species. Wild roe deer are a short-day breeding species characterised by a short rutting season lasting from mid-July to mid-August.

Towards Age-Related Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: Klotho Suppresses Activation of ER and Golgi Stress Response in Senescent Monocytes.

Immunosenescence in monocytes has been shown to be associated with several biochemical and functional changes, including development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may be inhibited by klotho protein. To date, it was believed that SASP activation is associated with accumulating DNA damage. However, some literature data suggest that endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stress pathways may be involved in SASP development.

Altered dynamics in the circadian oscillation of clock genes in serum-shocked NIH-3T3 cells by the treatment of GYY4137 or AOAA.

Background And Purpose: Several members of the core clock mechanism are equipped with a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain through which they can bind haem [Fe(II)]. Haem is a ligand for the orphan receptors REV-ERBα/β (NR1D1/2), which regulate circadian rhythm and metabolism. The ability to bind haem sensitises these clock components to the action of small molecule gases, including NO, CO and HS.

A transcriptome approach evaluating effects of neonatal androgen and anti-androgen treatments on regulation of luteal function in sexually mature pigs.

The current study was designed to gain insights into regulatory mechanisms mediating long-term effects of androgen excess or deficiency on corpus luteum function in pigs. Piglets were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate (TP, an androgen), flutamide (FLU, an anti-androgen) or corn oil (control) between postnatal Days 1 and 10. Corpora lutea from sexually mature gilts were examined for luteal steroid concentrations and processed for total RNA isolation and subsequent RNA sequencing to determine abundances of mRNA transcripts and microRNAs (miRNAs).

Neonatal Exposure to Agonists and Antagonists of Sex Steroid Receptors Affects AMH and FSH Plasma Level and Their Receptors Expression in the Adult Pig Ovary.

In this study piglets were injected with testosterone propionate (TP, an androgen), flutamide (FLU, an antiandrogen), 4--octylphenol (OP, an estrogenic compound), ICI 182,780 (ICI, an antiestrogen) or corn oil (controls) between postnatal days 1 and 10 ( = 5/group). Then plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration and the expression of their receptors were examined in the adult pig ovary. TP and FLU decreased plasma AMH and FSH concentration.

Klotho-mediated changes in the expression of Atg13 alter formation of ULK1 complex and thus initiation of ER- and Golgi-stress response mediated autophagy.

In the previous paper of our group, we have demonstrated that one of the crucial factors involved in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis is klotho protein. We have shown that klotho silencing in normal human fibroblasts intensifies lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced p-eIF2a-mediated stress of endoplasmic reticulum and thus leads to retardation of prosurvival autophagy and induction of apoptotic cell death. In this study, we have performed a detailed step-by-step analysis of autophagy flux-related genes' expression and endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stress related pathways in order to determine the exact mechanistic event when autophagy is inhibited in klotho-deficient cells on account of apoptosis initiation.

The seasonal changes of the heme oxygenase in the retina pig.

The eye is a very important organ in the human body which is affected by various external factors. One of these factors is the sunlight which can cause the visual impairment and as well as the increase in the oxidative stress. The heme oxygenase I (HO-1) plays a very important role in the fight against the oxidative stress.

Autophagy as a consequence of seasonal functions of testis and epididymis in adult male European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758).

The European bison is still an animal endangered with extinction, so by learning factors that regulate its reproduction, we can contribute to the survival of this species. On the other hand, autophagy is a dynamic, lisosomal, and evolutionary conserved process which is essential for animal cell survival, homeostasis, and differentiation. This process was demonstrated in many species and in many organs; however, information on the metabolic course of autophagy in the male reproductive system in seasonally reproducing species is lacking.

Neuronal life or death linked to depression treatment: the interplay between drugs and their stress-related outcomes relate to single or combined drug therapies.

Depression is a serious medical condition, typically treated by antidepressants. Conventional monotherapy can be effective only in 60-80% of patients, thus modern psychiatry deals with the challenge of new methods development. At the same moment, interactions between antidepressants and the occurrence of potential side effects raise serious concerns, which are even more exacerbated by the lack of relevant data on exact molecular mechanisms.