Impact of obstetric physiotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain management and gastrointestinal function following cesarean birth: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The study aimed to compare the impact of the physiotherapeutic method combined with TENS and physiotherapy alone on post-cesarean pain levels and the time required for intestinal peristalsis recovery. The study was conducted at the Specialist Hospital in Kraków, from January to March 2020.

Methods: The study was designed as a parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Causal ACTH-Depot Therapy during Pregnancies following Infertility Treatment.

The aim of this paper was to confirm the efficacy of adrenocorticotropin depot (ACTH-depot) therapy in pregnancies with threatened miscarriage and preterm delivery through the desired stimulation of the adrenal glands controlled by the rest of organism. The activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a key role in pregnancy. Such naturally stimulated endogenous corticosteroid hormones are free from unwanted side effects of their synthetics analogs.

Immunotherapy of cervical cancer as a biological dissipative structure.

Cervical cancer can be not only prevented, but also effectively treated. Decreased efficiency of biochemical, neurohormonal and/or immunological mechanisms leads to infectious states which, irrespective of their bacterial, viral or parasitic aetiology, are only the necessary, but not the sufficient causes of neogenesis. The cause of cancer is the natural and common phenomenon of the self-organization of systems, endangered by ending of their existence, into more efficient time-space structures at the expense of their surrounding.

Differences in the blood serum levels of soluble HLA-G concentrations between the menstrual cycle phases and menopause in patients with ovarian endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma.

Background: HLA-G is an antigen whose participation in the regulation of the immune system is well documented. The aim of the present study has therefore been to evaluate the sHLA-G blood serum concentrations levels in both women with ovarian endometriosis and women with uterine leiomyomas.

Methods: In our study, the soluble HLA-G concentration level was evaluated in the blood serum samples obtained from 98 women who underwent laparotomies or laparoscopies due to either ovarian endometriosis or leiomyomatous uterus.

Soluble HLA-G changes in maternal blood serum during the progression of labor.

Background: The expression of the HLA-G antigen from implantation toward term is crucial for the growth of a semiallogenic fetus as it shields this fetus from the maternal cytotoxic response. Little is known, however, about the potential role of soluble HLA-G isoforms during delivery. The initiation of labor is associated with a complex molecular response leading to a brief activation of the maternal immune system with an accompanying capacity to restrict this activation, and HLA-G seems to be an important factor in enabling the proper immune response at the maternal fetal interface.

The analysis of CD34 antigen immunoreactivity level in invasive ductal breast cancer with respect to the presence of lymph node metastases.

Background: Angiogenesis is a basic process that enables neoplasms to thrive. Microvessel density (MVD) evaluation is an accepted parameter for assessing the angiogenesis process within a tumor. The aim of the present study has been to assess the number of microcapillaries in both invasive ductal breast cancer with the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes and in invasive ductal breast cancer without such metastases.

The characterization of the exposure to immune mediated apoptosis and the regulation of immune cytotoxic activity in the environment of a neoplasm and in decidua.

Acquiring the immune-mediated apoptosis and the ability to regulate the cytotoxic immune response are the main phenomena playing fundamental roles in such situations as neoplasm survival and creation of immune tolerance during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate these phenomena through the evaluation of metallothionein and RCAS1 proteins in neoplasm and its healthy environment (clear surgical margin), physiological conditions in placenta and its environment (decidua) and the comparison to non-neoplasmatic lesions originating from the environment (nasal polyps, endometriosis). We have shown that the growth of RCAS1 expression was simultaneous to the infiltration of activated immunological cells of tumor environment as well as decidua.

The metallothionein and RCAS1 expression analysis in breast cancer and adjacent tissue regarding the immune cells presence and their activity.

Introduction: The generation of proper immune response in the tumor environment seems to be essential in antitumor defense. RCAS1 expression has been shown to participate in the regulation of immune cytotoxic activity, metallothionein participates in the protection of cells against immune mediated apoptosis. Since MT and RCAS1 expression is observed within healthy tumor environment we aimed to focus on the proteins expression in tumor and its healthy adjacent tissue in invasive ductal breast cancer regarding the immune cells presence and activity.

High grade intermediate cell neuroendocrine cancer of the larynx--case report.

Primary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare pathological findings in the upper respiratory tract, approximately 650 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of 51-year old male with a high grade intermediate cell neuroendocrine epiglottic cancer. The current classification according to the WHO Classification of Tumors published in 2005 is discussed.

Cycle dependent RCAS1 expression with respect to the immune cells presence and activity.

Introduction: The number of cytotoxic immune cells grows in the endometrium during the secretory cycle phase. RCAS1 is a protein inhibiting the activated immune cytotoxic cells. The expression of RCAS1 has been confirmed in endometrium.

A case of left interstitial pregnancy after left adnexectomy--why surgical management?

Interstitial pregnancy is a rare condition of tubal pregnancy with a mortality rate of 2-2.5% [4] that can easily be misdiagnosed. The prevalence of interstitial pregnancy is 0.

The obstetrical history in patients with Pfannenstiel scar endometriomas--an analysis of 81 patients.

Introduction: The participation of immune tolerance during pregnancy was suggested to be an important factor predisposing to the implantation of decidual cells after cesarean section in Pfannenstiel scar. Delivery at term is related to the termination of immune tolerance to fetal antigens that is maintained throughout pregnancy. Substantial proportion of cesarean section deliveries is performed before the onset of true term labor.

[Prenatal ACTH-depot therapy].

ACTH-depot therapy is one of the therapeutic methods in threatening abortion or premature labor, introduced by Prof. R. Klimek in the 60-ies of the last century.

[Premenstrual syndrome--current approach].

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects 3-5% of women. It still remains controversial in diagnosis and treatment. Dynamic progress in neuroendocrinology in recent years led to PMS etiology explanation.

[Influence of ACTH-depot doses on neuroendocrine gestosis treatment].

Objective Of The Study: Two dosing methods of ACTH-depot therapy were compared dependently on gestational age and sequence of applied injections. It has been concluded that better efficacy was observed in single doses method comparing to serial doses in 2nd trimester.

Material And Methods: Retrospectively, 380 pregnancies were analyzed, in which ACTH-depot therapy was applied using 0,5 mg doses.

Analysis of free hemoglobin level and hemoglobin peptides from human puerperal uterine secretions.

Objective: Hemocidins are a novel class of antibacterial peptides generated proteolytically from hemoglobin. These peptides play a particularly important role in maintaining vaginal homeostasis during menstrual bleeding. To investigate the hemoglobin fragmentation process during the last stages of pregnancy, we examined uterine secretion (lochia) samples from a group of 22 healthy women who underwent cesarean delivery at term.

The length of menstrual bleeding and the risk of urogenital infections in the context of the activity of hemoglobin-derived microbicidal peptides.

Objective: Well-known natural unspecific antimicrobial factors acting in the vagina are additionally reinforced during menstrual bleeding by hemocidins--a recently discovered novel class of microbicidal peptides generated proteolytically from hemoglobin. The aim of the presented research was to investigate the relation between the average length of menstrual bleeding and the frequency of urogenital infections. We expected that the shorter menstrual bleeding might increase the risk of urogenital infections because is synonymous with the shorter period of exposition on bactericidal action of hemocidins.

Metallothionein expression and infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes in uterine and tubal implantation sites.

Introduction: In spite of increasing number of immune cells in the endometrium during the decidualization, the integrity of endometrial tissue in each menstrual cycle is maintained by adaptive changes in expression of several factors that regulate activity of immune cells and concomitant hormonal alterations during the menstrual cycle. This regulatory function of endometrium is also related to resistance to apoptosis, in which metallothionein (MT) may play a role.

Materials And Methods: Study group included 26 women with spontaneous abortion and 18 patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Cycle dependent expression of endometrial metallothionein.

Objectives: Molecular changes observed in endometrium with respect to menstrual cycle changes seem to be crucial for the reproductive function. Accumulation of cytotoxic cells increases the exposure of endometrial cells to apoptosis. Protection against apoptosis may be reached by endometrial cells by self molecular regulation.

Spontaneous uterine rupture at 35 weeks' gestation, 3 years after laparoscopic myomectomy, without signs of fetal distress.

Laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) is a recently developed surgical technique, and every obstetrician should be aware of its possible complications, which can occur not only during labor but also during pregnancy. We report a case of a primigravid woman who was hospitalized at 35 weeks' gestation because of irregular abdominal pain. She conceived spontaneously 3 years after LM.

The level of maternal immune tolerance and fetal maturity.

Objectives: Fetal maturity does not seem to be directly connected with the phenomenon of immune tolerance during pregnancy although the fetal maturation influences the process of initiation of the labor at term finishing the immune tolerance during pregnancy. CAP and RCAS1 are expressed by the trophoblast cells and afterwards by the placenta, these proteins are able to modulate the maternal immune response.

Materials And Methods: 160 patients were randomly selected to our study.

[Thrombophilia in pregnancy and its influence on venous thromboembolism and recurrent miscarriages].

Thrombophilia can be defined as a predisposition to thrombosis. Inherited or acquired thrombophilias have been associated with venous thromboembolism and recurrent pregnancy loss. Abnormalities in haemostasis that are associated with clinical thrombophilia include heritable defects, such as mutation in genes encoding antithrombin III, protein C and S, prothrombin, factor V, hyperhomocysteinemia or acquired defects such as antiphospholipids.

[Enzymatic diagnostics in obstetrics and gynecology. Part I].

The object of this paper is to highlight the importance of enzymatic diagnostics in obstetrics and gynecology. Enzymatic diagnostics through the assessment of oxytocinase allows to monitor the pregnancy and predict the delivery. Oxytocinase and its isoenzymes reflect the present state of the mother, the fetus and the placenta.

Comparative analysis of ACTH and oxytocinase plasma concentration during pregnancy.

Introduction: Normal function of the hypothalamo-adrenal axis is important for the regulation of feto-maternal intrauterine homeostasis including immunomodulating activity and may influence the timing of parturition. ACTH is produced during pregnancy by mother pituitary gland and by trophoblast cells, which are the place of oxytocinase production. Oxytocinase is basically secreted by syncytiotrophoblast cells and rises progressively during pregnancy until the labor.