Thyroid Cancer in Regions Most Contaminated after the Chernobyl Disaster.

Exposure to ionizing radiation, especially during childhood, is a well-established risk factor for thyroid cancer. Following the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident the total number of cases of thyroid cancer registered between 1991 and 2015 in males and females who were less than 18 years old exceeded 19,000 (in Belarus and Ukraine, and in the most contaminated oblasts of the Russian Federation). However, as indicated by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation the fraction of the incidence of thyroid cancer attributable to radiation exposure among the non-evacuated residents of the contaminated regions of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia is of the order of 0.

The effect of pre-emptive oral pregabalin on opioid consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with an analysis of intraoperative hemodynamic stability and quality of recovery: study protocol for a randomized, prospective, double-blind study.

Background: Obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are particularly at risk of opioid-related side effects. To reduce patient exposure to opioids, multimodal analgesia, which involves the use of drugs of different classes, may be utilized. One of the drugs under consideration is pregabalin.

Successful Anesthetic Management for Obese Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Bridge to Improved Lung Transplant Eligibility.

BACKGROUND Patients with obesity with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are encouraged to lose weight, as it improves lung function and lung transplant eligibility. As exercise tolerance in these patients is low and weight gain is a common adverse effect of corticosteroids, bariatric surgery can be an effective method for the management of obesity in this patient group. However, perioperative complications in such high-risk patients remain a concern.

Effect of Intramuscular Tramadol on the Duration of Clinically Relevant Sciatic Nerve Blockade in Patients Undergoing Calcaneal Fracture Fixation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Calcaneal fracture fixation can generate severe postoperative pain and analgesia can be supported by a sciatic nerve block. However, following resolution of the sensory blockade, rebound pain may ensue. The aim of this study was to assess whether an incidental finding of two patients with an extension of the sciatic nerve block beyond 24 h following 100 mg of intramuscular tramadol administration could be confirmed.

Efficacy and Side Effect Profile of Intrathecal Morphine versus Distal Femoral Triangle Nerve Block for Analgesia following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial.

(1) Background: The management of postoperative pain after knee replacement is an important clinical problem. The best results in the treatment of postoperative pain are obtained using multimodal therapy principles. Intrathecal morphine (ITM) and single-shot femoral nerve block (SSFNB) are practiced in the treatment of postoperative pain after knee replacement, with the most optimal methods still under debate.

Effect of Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block Type I on Patient Satisfaction and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain Following Cesarean Section-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) provides a reduction in pain scores and opioid consumption after cesarean section (CS). Intrathecal morphine (ITM) is still considered as the gold standard of acute postoperative pain therapy, but it does have some significant side effects. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate whether performing the quadratus lumborum block type I in patients undergoing CS would be associated with an increased satisfaction of pain therapy and a decreased incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP).

Marie and Irène Curie, two brilliant women who pioneered the development of nuclear chemistry, radiotherapy, and radiobiology.

Objective: To describe the contributions of Marie Sklodowska-Curie and her daughter Irene Curie to radiation science and how these studies in physics, chemistry and medicine led to the need to study radiobiological effects.

Conclusions: The seminal discoveries of Maria Sklodowska-Curie in radiation physics and chemistry provided the basis for later investigations of the effects of ionizing radiation on cells and tissues and the role of radioactivity in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Both Maria and Irene contributed to the development of radiotherapy and the use of x-rays and radioisotopes in medical diagnosis.

A derivative of vitamin B applied several days after exposure reduces lethality of severely irradiated mice.

Most, if not all, of the hitherto tested substances exert more or less pronounced pro-survival effects when applied before or immediately after the exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study we demonstrate for the first time that 1-methyl nicotinamide (MNA), a derivative of vitamin B, significantly (1.6 to 1.

Quadratus Lumborum and Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks and Their Impact on Acute and Chronic Pain in Patients after Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Severe postoperative pain is a significant problem after cesarean sections.

Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled trial of 105 patients conducted in two hospitals. All patients were anesthetized spinally for elective cesarean section.

Time to rejuvenate ultra-low dose whole-body radiotherapy of cancer.

The results of clinical trials performed from the 1930s until the end of the 20th century in which total-body ultra-low level ionizing radiation (TB-LLR) was used demonstrate that this form of treatment can be equal or superior to other systemic anti-neoplastic modalities in terms of the rates of remissions, toxicity, and side effects. In this review, we provide the rationale for TB-LLR and analyze the results of reliable clinical trials in patients with predominantly lymphoproliferative disorders but also advanced solid cancers. The doses used in these trials did not exceed 0.

[Hypotension - a complication of subarachnoid anesthesia especially dangerous in patients aged].

Demographic data clearly show the progressive aging of societies. Problems and specificity of anaesthesia in the elderly becomes a particularly important issue in this context. Spinal anesthesia is a method often used to anesthetize elderly patients, and hypotension is one of its most common early complications.

Bringing Radiation Exposures and Associated Health Risks into Perspective-Development of an App.

The NATO HFM 291 research task group (RTG) on "Ionizing Radiation Bioeffects and Countermeasures" represents a group of scientists from military and civilian academic and scientific institutions primarily working in the field of radiobiology. Among other tasks, the RTG intends to extend their work on risk estimation and communication to bridge the gap in appropriate judgment of health risks given a certain radiation exposure. The group has no explicit psychological background but an expertise in radiobiology and risk assessment.

Transversus abdominis plane block versus quadratus lumborum block type 2 for analgesia in renal transplantation: A randomised trial.

Background: Several studies have shown an analgesic efficacy of a transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in reducing opioid requirements during and after cadaveric renal transplantation surgery, but the effect of a quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in this type of surgery is unclear.

Objectives: The main objective of this prospective, randomised, double-centre clinical study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of a one-sided lateral approach TAPB with a unilateral QLB type 2 in cadaveric renal transplantation surgery.

Design: Randomised, single-blinded trial.

How fast does wasp venom immunotherapy affect a regulatory T cell subpopulation (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+) and the synthesis of interleukins 10, 21 and transforming growth factor β1?

Introduction: The literature describes the influence of venom immunotherapy (VIT) on the subpopulation of T regulatory cells (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+) and the synthesis of IL-10, TGF-β1 as well as many other cytokines at various times after immunotherapy.

Aim: To assess changes in the percentage of cells of CD4+ and CD25+ in peripheral blood and serum concentrations of IL-10, IL-21 and TGF-β1 in the early stages of VIT.

Material And Methods: The study included 18 patients who were allergic to wasp venom and who in the past underwent systemic anaphylactic reaction after stinging, meeting the criteria to qualify for VIT.

Effect of internal contamination with tritiated water on the neoplastic colonies in the lungs, innate anti-tumour reactions, cytokine profile, and haematopoietic system in radioresistant and radiosensitive mice.

Tritium is a potentially significant source of internal radiation exposure which, at high levels, can be carcinogenic. We evaluated whether single intraperitoneal injection of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with tritiated water (HTO) leading to exposure to low (0.01 or 0.

Iliac Fascia Compartment Block and Analgesic Consumption in Patients Operated on for Hip Fracture.

Background: Fractures of the proximal femur in elderly patients are a challenge for orthopedics, anesthe-sio-logy and geriatrics. Early mobilization reduces postoperative mortality among these patients. Effective anal-gesia is necessary to achieve this goal.

Cancer immunotherapy: how low-level ionizing radiation can play a key role.

The cancer immunoediting hypothesis assumes that the immune system guards the host against the incipient cancer, but also "edits" the immunogenicity of surviving neoplastic cells and supports remodeling of tumor microenvironment towards an immunosuppressive and pro-neoplastic state. Local irradiation of tumors during standard radiotherapy, by killing neoplastic cells and generating inflammation, stimulates anti-cancer immunity and/or partially reverses cancer-promoting immunosuppression. These effects are induced by moderate (0.

TIMP4 expression is regulated by miR-200b-3p in prostate cancer cells.

In prostate cancer TIMP4 expression level fluctuates with tumor progression. The mechanism and factors influencing its expression remain unclear. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis on regulation of TIMP4 by microRNA-200b-3p.

Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 in urinary bladder cancer predicts time to tumor recurrence.

Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer patients who have undergone transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) are at risk of recurrence. This study aims to correlate the level of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression with urothelial carcinoma invasiveness, TNM stage and time to recurrence after TURBT.

Material And Methods: In 33 specimens of healthy transitional epithelium and 42 of urothelial carcinoma, BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7 expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Epidemiological evidence of childhood leukaemia around nuclear power plants.

A few reports of increased numbers of leukaemia cases (clusters) in children living in the vicinity of nuclear power plants (NPP) and other nuclear installations have triggered a heated debate over the possible causes of the disease. In this review the most important cases of childhood leukaemia clusters around NPPs are described and analyzed with special emphasis on the relationship between the environmental exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of leukaemia. Since, as indicated, a lifetime residency in the proximity of an NPP does not pose any specific health risk to people and the emitted ionizing radiation is too small to cause cancer, a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the childhood leukaemia clusters.

Commentary: ethical issues of current health-protection policies on low-dose ionizing radiation.

The linear no-threshold (LNT) model of ionizing-radiation-induced cancer is based on the assumption that every radiation dose increment constitutes increased cancer risk for humans. The risk is hypothesized to increase linearly as the total dose increases. While this model is the basis for radiation safety regulations, its scientific validity has been questioned and debated for many decades.

Effect of low doses of low-let radiation on the innate anti-tumor reactions in radioresistant and radiosensitive mice.

BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice differ in their Th1/Th2 lymphocyte and M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes, radiosensitivity, and post-irradiation tumor incidence. In this study we evaluated the effects of repeated low-level exposures to X-rays on the development of artificial tumor colonies in the lungs of animals from the two strains and cytotoxic activities of natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages obtained from these mice. After ten daily irradiations of BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice with 0.