International multicenter validation of AI-driven ultrasound detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking.

External Validation of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) Lexicon and the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis 2-Step Strategy to Stratify Ovarian Tumors Into O-RADS Risk Groups.

Importance: Correct diagnosis of ovarian cancer results in better prognosis. Adnexal lesions can be stratified into the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) risk of malignancy categories with either the O-RADS lexicon, proposed by the American College of Radiology, or the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) 2-step strategy.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of the O-RADS lexicon and the IOTA 2-step strategy.

4D Doppler Ultrasound in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Vascularity Evaluation-Preliminary Study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of 4D Power Doppler tissue evaluation to discriminate between normal ovaries and ovarian cancer tumors. This was a prospective observational study. Twenty-three cases of surgically confirmed ovarian High Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) were analyzed.

Validation of models to diagnose ovarian cancer in patients managed surgically or conservatively: multicentre cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of diagnostic prediction models for ovarian malignancy in all patients with an ovarian mass managed surgically or conservatively.

Design: Multicentre cohort study.

Setting: 36 oncology referral centres (tertiary centres with a specific gynaecological oncology unit) or other types of centre.

Risk of complications in patients with conservatively managed ovarian tumours (IOTA5): a 2-year interim analysis of a multicentre, prospective, cohort study.

Background: Ovarian tumours are usually surgically removed because of the presumed risk of complications. Few large prospective studies on long-term follow-up of adnexal masses exist. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of cyst complications and malignancy during the first 2 years of follow-up after adnexal masses have been classified as benign by use of ultrasonography.

Spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) in evaluation of advanced neuroendocrine tumours.

Introduction: 4D Ultrasound technology merging the Power Doppler option called High-Definition Flow (HDF) with Spatio-Temporal Image Correlation (STIC) is used in gynaecology and obstetrics. It seems to be a promising tool in assessing tissue vascularisation. The aim of the paper was to assess whether HDF STIC technique could be a useful tool for the evaluation of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) advancement.

Understanding the Influence of Flow Velocity, Wall Motion Filter, Pulse Repetition Frequency, and Aliasing on Power Doppler Image Quantification.

Objectives: Although power Doppler imaging has been used to quantify tissue and organ vascularity, many studies showed that limitations in defining adequate ultrasound machine settings and attenuation make such measurements complex to be achieved. However, most of these studies were conducted by using the output of proprietary software, such as Virtual Organ computer-aided analysis (GE Healthcare, Kretz, Zipf, Austria); therefore, many conclusions may not be generalizable because of unknown settings and parameters used by the software. To overcome this limitation, our goal was to evaluate the impact of the flow velocity, pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and wall motion filter (WMF) on power Doppler image quantification using beam-formed ultrasonic radiofrequency data.

Elastography Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonography in Differentiating Endometrial Polyps and Submucosal Fibroids.

Objectives: To assess whether strain elastography may be used to visualize the different stiffness of endometrial polyps and submucosal fibroids.

Methods: We conducted a prospective monocentric single-operator study on diagnostic accuracy. Patients who qualified for hysteroscopy because of suspected endometrial polyps and submucosal fibroids were included.

Proximal femoral focal deficiency of the fetus - early 3D/4D prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.

Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD) is a rare congenital syndrome of unknown etiology. Additional disorders can be present up to 70% of PFFD cases. Management (including termination) depends on the severity of the malformation.

Are Results of 4-D Ultrasound Angiography Examinations Dependent on the Doppler Technology Applied? Comparison of Results Obtained from an In Vivo Model.

We aimed to evaluate the agreement of results obtained by 4-D spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) angiography with two options of Doppler technology (power Doppler [PD] and high-definition flow [HDF]) from an ovary as an in vivo model. Thirty-eight ovaries were recorded by trans-vaginal ultrasound examination in the first part of the menstrual cycle. Two STIC sequences (4-D HDF and 4-D PD) were stored.

Comparison of two methods for calculating the mean vascularization index of ovarian stroma on the basis of spatio-temporal image correlation high-definition flow technology.

The aim of our study was to determine the agreement between two different methods for calculating the mean vascularization index (VI) of ovarian stroma using spatio-temporal image correlation-high definition flow (STIC-HDF) technology. Stored 4-D STIC-HDF volume data for ovaries of 34 premenopausal women were assessed retrospectively. We calculated the mean VI from the VI values derived for each 3-D volume within the STIC sequence.

Spatiotemporal image correlation with spherical sampling and high-definition flow: new 4-dimensional method for assessment of tissue vascularization changes during the cardiac cycle: reproducibility analysis.

Objectives: To describe and assess the interobserver reproducibility of a new method for evaluation of ovarian vascularization using spatiotemporal image correlation-high definition flow (STIC-HDF).

Methods: Stored 4-dimensional (4D) STIC-HDF volume data from 39 healthy pre-menopausal fertile women (aged <35 years) examined in the follicular part of the menstrual cycle by transvaginal sonography were assessed by two different examiners blinded from each other (one in Spain the other in Poland). Using 1-cm(3) spherical sampling, the vascularization index (VI) from the most vascularized part of the ovarian stroma was calculated at two different moments of the cardiac cycle (systole and diastole).

Spatiotemporal image correlation using high-definition flow: a new method for assessing ovarian vascularization.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe a new method for assessing ovarian vascularization using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC)-high-definition flow (HDF).

Methods: Thirty healthy premenopausal fertile women were assessed in the follicular part of the menstrual cycle by transvaginal sonography. A 4-dimensional STIC-HDF volume was obtained from the nondominant ovary to assess 3-dimensional (3D) vascular indices (vascularization index [VI] and flow index [FI]) during one cardiac cycle in each women.

Three-dimensional vascular indices calculated using conventional power Doppler and high-definition flow imaging: are there differences?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in 3-dimensional (3D) vascular indices when calculated using high-definition flow imaging (HDF) and power Doppler imaging (PD).

Methods: Twenty-five consecutive asymptomatic premenopausal women (mean age, 31 years; range, 28-33 years) without a history of gynecologic disease who attended routine gynecologic checkups were included in the study. All women had regular menstrual cycles, and none had uterine or myometrial disease detected on basal transvaginal sonography.

Spherical tissue sampling in 3-dimensional power Doppler angiography: a new approach for evaluation of ovarian tumors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of virtual spherical tissue sampling using 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound power Doppler angiography to enhance differentiation between normal and pathologic ovaries.

Methods: Twenty-seven cases with ovarian tumors were analyzed: 14 with invasive cancers and 13 with borderline tumors confirmed by surgery. The control subjects consisted of 53 healthy ovulating women.