Influence of Reclaimed Water on the Visual Quality of Automotive Coating.

In the present study, the possibility of recovering water in a car wash station was presented. The resistance of automotive coatings to washing water recovered at 50% and 70% from wastewater generated at car wash was tested. Wastewater treatment was carried out by ultrafiltration (UF) using tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (100 and 200 kDa) manufactured by the PCI company.

Application of Polymeric Tubular Ultrafiltration Membranes for Separation of Car Wash Wastewater.

The commercial ultrafiltration tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (100 and 200 kDa) and polyethersulfone (PES) (4 kDa) membranes were applied for filtration of car wash wastewater. Intensive fouling was noticed, which caused an over 50% flux reduction during 3-5 h of the filtration process. This phenomenon was reduced by washing the membranes with an alkaline cleaning agent (pH = 11.

Cleaning of Ultrafiltration Membranes: Long-Term Treatment of Car Wash Wastewater as a Case Study.

Car wash wastewaters (CWWs) contain various pollutants with different contents. Hence, selecting an appropriate process for their treatment is a great challenge. Undoubtedly, the ultrafiltration (UF) process is one of the most interesting and reliable choices.

Effects of Alkaline Cleaning Agents on the Long-Term Performance and Aging of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes Applied for Treatment of Car Wash Wastewater.

The commercial ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membranes (10 and 100 kDa) blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were applied for the filtration of car wash wastewater. Periodical membrane rinsing with water did not prevent fouling and a decrease in permeate flux was observed. Fouling was reduced by washing the membranes with cleaning agents, which are used in car washes to clean wheels and remove insects.

Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review.

In recent years, the use of biogas as a natural gas substitute has gained great attention. Typically, in addition to methane (CH), biogas contains carbon dioxide (CO), as well as small amounts of impurities, e.g.

The Resistance of Polyethersulfone Membranes on the Alkaline Cleaning Solutions.

Polyethersulfone (PES) is a polymer popularly used to produce ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. PES is relatively hydrophobic; thus, hydrophilic ingredients are added to the membrane matrix to reduce the fouling intensity. Ingredients such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) reduce the resistance of PES to NaOH solutions.

The Application of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes for Separation of Car Wash Wastewaters: Experiments and Modelling.

The wastewater generated as a result of car washes is considered a new source of water. However, recovered water must meet the required quality criteria for reuse. For this purpose, the ultrafiltration (UF) process can be successfully used.

Long-Term Performance of Ultrafiltration Membranes: Corrosion Fouling Aspect.

The past decade has seen a rise in the importance of the ultrafiltration (UF) technique in the separation of various complex solutions. However, the fouling phenomenon is the main limitation to faster process development. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present paper is the first to aim to identify the role of corrosion fouling in long-term UF.

Wettability Studies of Capillary PTFE Membranes Applied for Membrane Distillation.

In the present study, the membrane distillation (MD) process was studied with the use of commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) capillary membranes. For this purpose, both solutions with NaCl concentrations up to 300 g/L and brines contaminated with oil (70-120 mg/L) were used as feeds. The membrane's wetting resistance was tested by conducting long-term experiments for over 3500 h.

Membrane Distillation Crystallizer Applied for Separation of NaCl Solutions Contaminated with Oil.

In the present study, the membrane crystallizer was used to separate a saturated NaCl solution contaminated with an oil emulsion. The crystallizer was connected via a mesh separator with a feed tank in which capillary submerged modules were assembled. The effect of scaling and oil sorption on the wetting of polypropylene (PP) membranes has been investigated during the long-term studies.

The Application of Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Separation of Fermentation Broths by the Reverse Osmosis: A Feasibility Study.

Recently, there has been a special research focus on the bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) due to its significance in the chemical industry. However, the treatment and separation of fermentation broths is a great challenge. Currently, the reverse osmosis (RO) process is a reliable state-of-the-art technique for separation of biological solutions.

The Impact of Operational Parameters on Polypropylene Membrane Performance during the Separation of Oily Saline Wastewaters by the Membrane Distillation Process.

In the present study, membrane distillation (MD) was applied for the treatment of oily saline wastewaters produced on ships sailing the Baltic Sea. For comparison purposes, experiments were also carried out with model NaCl solutions, the Baltic Seawater and oil in water emulsions. The commercial Accurel PP V8/2 membranes (Membrana GmbH, Germany) were used.

Membrane Distillation of Saline Water Contaminated with Oil and Surfactants.

Application of the membrane distillation (MD) process for the treatment of high-salinity solutions contaminated with oil and surfactants represents an interesting area of research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-concentration surfactants in oil-contaminated high-salinity solutions on the MD process efficiency. For this purpose, hydrophobic capillary polypropylene (PP) membranes were tested during the long-term MD studies.

The Use of NaOH Solutions for Fouling Control in a Membrane Bioreactor: A Feasibility Study.

Nowadays, the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is recognized as preferable to the chemical synthesis. However, finding a technological approach allowing the production of 1,3-PD in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a great challenge. In the present study, a ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (8 kDa) for treatment of 1,3-PD broths was used.

Resistance of Polypropylene Membrane to Oil Fouling during Membrane Distillation.

The influence of oil emulsion presence in the water on the course of water desalination by membrane distillation was studied. The feed water was contaminated by oil collected from the bilge water. The impact of feed composition on the wetting resistance of hydrophobic polypropylene membranes was evaluated during long-term studies.

Stability of Ar/O Plasma-Treated Polypropylene Membranes Applied for Membrane Distillation.

In the present work, Ar/O plasma treatment was used as a surface modification tool for polypropylene (PP) membranes. The effect of the plasma conditions on the properties of the modified PP surface has been investigated. For this purpose, the influence of gas composition and its flow rate, plasma power excitation as well as treatment time on the contact angle of PP membranes has been investigated.

Comparison of Polypropylene and Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes Applied for Separation of 1,3-PD Fermentation Broths and Yeast Suspensions.

In recent years, microfiltration (MF) has gained great interest as an excellent technique for clarification of biological suspensions. This paper addresses a direct comparison of efficiency, performance and susceptibility to cleaning of the ceramic and polymeric MF membranes applied for purification of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths and suspensions of yeast . For this purpose, ceramic, titanium dioxide (TiO) based membranes and polypropylene (PP) membranes were used.

Clarification of 1,3-Propanediol Fermentation Broths by Using a Ceramic Fine UF Membrane.

This work examined the use of a ceramic fine ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for the pre-treatment of 1,3-propanodiol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths. It has been demonstrated that the membrane used provides obtaining a high-quality, sterile permeate, which can be sequentially separated by other processes such as nanofiltration (NF) and membrane distillation (MD). Special attention was paid to the impact of the operational parameters on the membrane performance.

Mitigation of Membrane Wetting by Applying a Low Temperature Membrane Distillation.

The formation of deposits on the membrane surface during membrane distillation is considered as one of the main reasons for membrane wetting. To assess the intensity of this phenomenon, long-term studies were performed comparing the membrane wettability with non-fouling feed (NaCl solutions) and feeds containing various foulants (lake and Baltic Sea water). The polypropylene membranes used were non-wetted by NaCl solutions during several hundred hours of water desalination.

Cross-Flow Microfiltration of Glycerol Fermentation Broths with .

This paper reports the study of the cross-flow microfiltration (MF) of glycerol fermentation broths with bacteria. A single channel tubular ceramic membrane with a nominal pore size of 0.14 µm was used.

The Application of Submerged Modules for Membrane Distillation.

This paper deals with the efficiency of capillary modules without an external housing, which were used as submerged modules in the membrane distillation process. The commercial hydrophobic capillary membranes fabricated for the microfiltration process were applied. Several constructional variants of submerged modules were discussed.

The Influence of Talc Addition on the Performance of Polypropylene Membranes Formed by TIPS Method.

The effect of talc addition on the morphology of capillary membranes formed by a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method was investigated in the presented work. The usability of such formed membranes for membrane distillation was evaluated. Two types of commercial capillary polypropylene membranes, fabricated for microfiltration process, were applied in the studies.

The long-term studies of osmotic membrane distillation.

The results of osmotic membrane distillation carried out for 2.5 years were presented in this work. The influence of the process conditions, such as temperature and brine concentration on the permeate flux, was investigated.

Effectiveness of water desalination by membrane distillation process.

The membrane distillation process constitutes one of the possibilities for a new method for water desalination. Four kinds of polypropylene membranes with different diameters of capillaries and pores, as well as wall thicknesses were used in studied. The morphology of the membrane used and the operating parameters significantly influenced process efficiency.