Oxidation of Cyclohexane/Cyclohexanone Mixture with Oxygen as Alternative Method of Adipic Acid Synthesis.

Herein, an alternative method for adipic acid (AA) synthesis of industrial importance has been reported. The proposed novel method involves the one-step, solvent-free oxidation of a cyclohexane/cyclohexanone (CH/CH=O) mixture, with a cheap oxidizing agent such as O or air under mild conditions in the presence of -hydroxyphtalimide (NHPI) and transition metals as catalysts. It has been showed that CH/CH=O mixture under applied mild conditions oxidized faster than CH and CH=O separately.

Bioconversion Process of Polyethylene from Waste Tetra Pak Packaging to Polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Presented herein are the results of a novel recycling method for waste Tetra Pak packaging materials. The polyethylene (PE-T) component of this packaging material, obtained via a separation process using a "solvents method", was used as a carbon source for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by the bacterial strain H16. Bacteria were grown for 48-72 h, at 30 °C, in TSB (nitrogen-rich) or BSM (nitrogen-limited) media supplemented with PE-T.

Changes in Anthropometric Traits and Body Composition Over a Four-Year Period in Elite Female Judoka Athletes.

The aim of the study was to determine changes in the structure and composition of the body in elite female athletes over a four-year period. The study involved 12 female judo athletes with 34 somatic variables evaluated. Anthropometric evaluation was performed twice, first, when the athletes were members of the national junior team (aged 16.

Mass Spectrometry Reveals Molecular Structure of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Attained by Bioconversion of Oxidized Polypropylene Waste Fragments.

This study investigated the molecular structure of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) produced via a microbiological shake flask experiment utilizing oxidized polypropylene (PP) waste as an additional carbon source. The bacterial strain H16 was selected as it is non-pathogenic, genetically stable, robust, and one of the best known producers of PHA. Making use of PHA oligomers, formed by controlled moderate-temperature degradation induced by carboxylate moieties, by examination of both the parent and fragmentation ions, the ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the 3-hydroxybutyrate and randomly distributed 3-hydroxyvalerate as well as 3-hydroxyhexanoate repeat units.

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides.

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) nanocomposite materials were prepared using a melt compounding process. The MgAl-based PBS nanocomposites, dispersed with inorganic-organic hybrid materials (layered double hydroxides, LDHs), were functionalized with the amino acids L-histidine (HIS) and L-phenylalanine (PHE). The rheological and anti-ultraviolet (anti-UV) properties were investigated and compared to filler-free PBS as well as LDH MgAl/nitrate as references.

Photodegradation and Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic) Acid Containing Orotic Acid as a Nucleation Agent.

Orotic acid is a natural heterocyclic compound that acts as a nucleation agent in poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA materials with increasing orotic acid content were prepared and characterized. It was found that crystallinity of about 28% was reached with 0.

Dual chain extension effect and antibacterial properties of biomolecules interleaved within LDH dispersed into PBS by in situ polymerization.

Nanocomposites based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and hydrotalcite-type anionic clays (HTs) organo-modified with biomolecules characterized by antibacterial and/or antioxidant activities, such as l-ascorbic acid (ASA), phloretic acid (HPP), l-tyrosine (TYR) and l-tryptophan (TRP), have been prepared by in situ polymerization. From XRD analysis and rheology experiments in a molten polymer state, intercalated HT hybrid platelets acting here as a hybrid filler are found to be well dispersed into polymers while providing a chain extension effect on PBS. Moreover, the molecules, when hosted within a HT interlayer gap, do preserve their pristine antibacterial activity, both in HT and in the resulting PBS composites.

Oxidized Polyethylene Wax as a Potential Carbon Source for PHA Production.

We report on the ability of bacteria to produce biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using oxidized polyethylene wax (O-PEW) as a novel carbon source. The O-PEW was obtained in a process that used air or oxygen as an oxidizing agent. H16 was grown for 48 h in either tryptone soya broth (TSB) or basal salts medium (BSM) supplemented with O-PEW and monitored by viable counting.

A new efficient method for the processing of post-consumer polypropylene and other polyolefin wastes into polar waxes.

This paper describes a new efficient method for the processing of post-consumer polypropylene (and other polyolefins) wastes into polar waxes that have potential applications. This technology includes two key steps. In the first step, the post-consumer polyolefins are purified mostly from oil which is used as a solvent in processing of polyolefin wastes (like metalized polyolefin films), and in the second step, the oxidative degradation process is initiated to obtain polar waxes or, alternatively, the purified polymer can be granulated.

Inverse gas chromatography investigation of oxidized polyolefins: surface properties.

Oxidized polyolefins were obtained in processes with the use of air or oxygen as oxidizing agent. The oxidation process caused partial polymer degradation and the change of the surface properties of examined materials. The magnitude of these changes was estimated by means of inverse gas chromatography.