The management of HER2-positive early breast cancer: Current and future therapies.

Advances in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapies have revolutionised the care of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. While adjuvant trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis for patients with early-stage disease, up to a quarter of patients will develop recurrent disease. The standard-of-care treatment paradigm has evolved with the introduction of newer HER2-directed therapies and increasing use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy, the latter providing us with important functional data to HER2-directed therapies and impacting subsequent adjuvant therapy decisions.

B Vitamin Complex and Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this mini review is to evaluate the literature on B vitamins and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Recent Findings: One hundred and five journal articles were evaluated and nine manuscripts were included. There was one in vitro, one was an animal and seven were human studies.

New Insights into Potential Prevention and Management Options for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Objective: Neurological complications such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and neuropathic pain are frequent side effects of neurotoxic chemotherapy agents. An increasing survival rate and frequent administration of adjuvant chemotherapy treatments involving neurotoxic agents makes it imperative that accurate diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these neurological complications be implemented.

Methods: A consideration was undertaken of the current options regarding protective and treatment interventions for patients undergoing chemotherapy with neurotoxic chemotherapy agent or experience with CIPN.

A randomised, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of an oral B group vitamin in preventing the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating side effect resulting from neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of an oral B group vitamin compared to placebo, in preventing the incidence of CIPN in cancer patients undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy.

Methods: A pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted.

Herbal medicines and chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): A critical literature review.

Background: Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy [CIPN] is a common significant and debilitating side-effect resulting from the administration of neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. These pharmaco-chemotherapeutics can include taxanes, vinca alkaloids, platinum analogues, and others. Moderate to severe CIPN significantly decreases the quality of life and physical abilities of cancer patients and current pharmacotherapy for CIPN e.

Systemic treatment of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer: clinical conundrums and future perspectives.

Improvements in the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer constitute one of the great advances in breast cancer medicine of the last generation. From being a highly aggressive fatal condition, the use of anti-HER2-targeted therapies, in particular trastuzumab, has led to significant improvements in disease outcomes. There are reports of increasing numbers of patients alive and well more than 5 years from diagnosis of metastatic disease.

Systemic treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review.

Aim: We aimed to systematically review and summarize data from the available clinical trials that examined the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Methods: We reviewed phase 2 and 3 studies in which an anti-HER2 agent was used in one or both arms of the study. While formal meta-analysis was not possible for such a heterogeneous group of trials, resulting forest plots outline some generalizable findings.

Nutraceuticals and chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): a systematic review.

Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy [CIPN] is a common significant and debilitating side effect resulting from the administration of neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. These pharmaco-chemotherapeutics can include taxanes, vinca alkaloids and others. Moderate to severe CIPN significantly decreases the quality of life and physical abilities of cancer patients and current pharmacotherapy for CIPN e.

CYP1A1 Ile462Val and MPO G-463A interact to increase risk of adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Common polymorphisms in genes encoding phase I and phase II enzymes are considered to modify lung cancer risk due to changes in enzyme activity. Candidates include genetic variants of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). We performed a large case-control study of these candidate genes in 1103 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 627 controls without NSCLC.

Risk of non-small cell lung cancer and the cytochrome P4501A1 Ile462Val polymorphism.

Objective: The Ile462Val substitution in the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene (CYP1A1) results in increased enzymatic activity. Preliminary data suggesting a link between this polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Caucasians are inconsistent, reflecting small sample sizes and the relatively low frequency of the variant.

Methods: The data set consisted of 1050 primary non-small cell lung cancer cases and 581 controls, a large homogenous population designed specifically to address previous inconsistencies.