Gender-related determinants of advanced subclinical atherosclerosis in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.

Background: Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We evaluated the potential association of cardiovascular risk factors including asymmetric dimethyl L-arginine (ADMA) and the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) with preclinical atherosclerosis in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.

Patients And Methods: In 92 males and 47 females undergoing the first cadaveric renal transplantation, ADMA, sRAGE and common risk factors including lipid parameters were evaluated as potential predictors of preclinical atherosclerosis defined as the Belcaro score (focused on advanced atherosclerotic changes) measured by ultrasound.

Reduction of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine in obese patients with chronic kidney disease after three years of a low-protein diet supplemented with keto-amino acids: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Levels of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to vascular complications. In this study we tested the hypothesis that elevated ADMA can be reduced in obese CKD patients by long-term administration of a low-protein diet supplemented with keto-amino acids.

Patients And Methods: In a long-term prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial, we evaluated for a period of 36 months a total of 111 CKD patients (54 men, 57 women) aged 22-76 years with obesity (BMI >or= 30 kg/m(2)) and an inulin clearance rate (C(in)) of 22-40 ml/min/1.

[Conversion from Consupren sol. to Consupren S capsules in kidney transplant patients].

In a group of patients after transplantation of the kidney with stabilized graft function treated by Consupren sol. combined with prednisone and azathioprin in 20 patients (group A) Consupren sol. was replaced by Consupren S capsules, in 17 patients (group B) Consupren sol.

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate based on the modification of diet in renal disease equation in patients with chronic renal failure.

The list of indications for initiating regular dialysis treatment includes residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Under the current European Best Practice Guidelines for Hemodialysis, residual GFR (and the presence of one or more symptoms of uremia) should not decrease below 15 ml/min. The present article seeks to determine to what extent the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation enables the detection of this decrease in GFR.

[Metabolic and nutrition care in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and chronic kidney failure].

Metabolic and nutritional care implies procedures which involve normalization or improvement of metabolic deviations in chronic renal insufficiency and failure by dietary and medicamentous means. The therapeutic procedure not only improves some metabolic disorders associated with a decline of the excretory and metabolic endocrinological renal function but can have a positive impact also on progression of renal insufficiency. Conservative treatment thus involves low protein diets, modification of electrolyte and water intake, adjustment of the acid-base balance, Ca, P metabolism, haemogram, hypertension, proteinuria and hyperlipidaemia.

Prophylaxis of acute gastroduodenal bleeding after renal transplantation.

Severe gastroduodenal bleeding after renal transplantation is effectively prevented by H2 receptor blockers. New drugs for prophylaxis include proton pump inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of prophylaxis with the H2 blocker ranitidine and with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole.

[A nutritionally defined liquid diet for hemodialyzed patients].

Background: For patients having regular haemodialysis there are no suitable complete preparations for general use in case intensive treatment is needed. Nutrilac renal is a new preparation of a nutritionally defined liquid diet corresponding as to its composition to the needs of haemodialyzed patients. The purpose of the present work was to assess whether this preparation when administered as a supplement will have a favourable effect on the nutritional parameters of haemodialyzed patients.

[Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori in stomach and duodenal biopsies].

In bioptic specimens of the gastric mucosa of 57 patients with dyspeptic complaints and/or a duodenal ulcer Helicobacter pylori was detected under the microscope in 82,4% of chronic active gastritis and in 28,6% and 61,5% resp. of chronic gastritis grade I and II. The finding of helicobacteria depended on the number of collected specimens.

[The critical value of residual kidney function in patients with chronic kidney failure from the viewpoint of the concentration of urea and potassium in the plasma].

Residual kidney function was examined in 10 patients with chronic renal insufficiency under balance conditions and in 30 outpatients on the basis of urea clearance (Curea) and potassium clearance (CK). Protein intake was 35-40 g/day (0.5 g/kg/day) and potassium intake was 30-40 mmol/day.

Bile composition in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Very little is known about bile composition in the end stage of chronic renal sufficiency. Patients with this condition are either assigned to a dialysis-transplantation programme, or are treated temporarily with a low-protein diet. Our study was designed to determine bile composition both in a group of ten patients treated with a low-protein diet over a long period of time, and in 11 patients on regular haemodialysis.

Residual kidney function and plasma urea concentration in patients with chronic renal failure.

The relationships between the plasma levels of urea (P(urea)), renal clearance of urea (C(urea)) and creatinine (Ccr) at an intake of 0.5 g protein/kg body weight/day were followed in 10 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) under balance conditions. Under these conditions, P(urea) attained a value of 30 mmol/l when C(urea) had decreased below 3.

Optimal amino acid composition of diets for patients with chronic renal failure.

When following the spectrum of plasmatic amino acids in patients with chronic renal failure in course of a six-week treatment with low-protein diets, an increase of non-essential amino acids, glycine and alanine, was observed in the case of a diet containing 20 g of proteins. A further decrease of tyrosine and threonine, which were decreased already before the therapy, suggests the presence of an effect of the reduced intake of proteins on the levels of these amino acids. High levels of methionine occurring in the case of the diet containing 20 g of proteins a day, supplemented by methionine to a minimally necessary requirement according to Rose, show different requirements) for this amino acid in patients with the chronic renal failure.