[Management of obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents].

Pediatric obesity is a pathological process explained by genetic susceptibility, inappropriate diet, sedentary life patterns, and other environmental factors. It is related with psychological disturbances and chronic diseases in childhood or later in adulthood. Obesity prevention must start early in life and requires lifestyle multicomponent intervention (diet, physical activity and behavior), include children, family, and community, and offered in the primary health care service by the healthcare staff (physicians, nurses, dietists, and psychologists).

Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Workers. A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Associations between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been documented in cross-sectional population studies. Intervention studies in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 have failed to consistently document a beneficial effect.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of VD-supplementation in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly exposed individuals.

The role of LCPUFA-ω3 on the obesity-associated hyperandrogenemia of pubertal girls: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction Hyperandrogenism (HA), either clinical or biochemical, is associated with obesity in adolescent girls. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ω3 (LCPUFA-ω3) play protective roles in some obesity-associated morbidities, but their contribution to preventing HA is unclear. Our aim was to examine the potential positive relationships between erythrocyte LCPUFA-ω3, with or without supplementation, and hyperandrogenemia.

[Non-caloric sweeteners in women of reproductive age - A consensus document].

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are food additives that have been used as a possible tool to reduce energy and sugar intake. There is a scientific debate around the real benefits of their use. NNS are substances widely evaluated in the scientific literature.

Obesity Is Associated with Changes in Iron Nutrition Status and Its Homeostatic Regulation in Pregnancy.

The influence of obesity on maternal iron homeostasis and nutrition status during pregnancy remains only partially clarified. Our study objectives were (1) to describe how obesity influences broad iron nutrition spectrum biomarkers such as available or circulating iron (serum transferrin receptor (sTfr) and serum iron), iron reserves (ferritin), and functional iron (hemoglobin); and (2) to depict the regulating role of hepcidin. The above was carried out while considering influential factors such as initial iron nutrition status, iron intake, and the presence of inflammation.

[Subtle metabolic alterations in adolescents with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of some subtle metabolic alterations in a group of adolescents with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in a group of adolescents with obesity, and characterized as with or without PCOS according with the Rotterdam Consensus. Medical history, anthropometry, gynecologic pelvic ultrasound (to evaluate ovarian volumes, number of antral follicles and endometrial width), as well as serum glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, sexual hormones binding globulin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor 1, the free-androgen index, free and available testosterone, and homeostatic model assessment index were calculated.

Association between Plasmatic Ceramides Profile and AST/ALT Ratio: C14:0 Ceramide as Predictor of Hepatic Steatosis in Adolescents Independently of Obesity.

Objective: To assess the association between plasma ceramides and hepatic steatosis (HS) in adolescents, independently of obesity.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-four adolescents from two previous studies conducted and published by our crew were included. Study subjects were stratified in three groups: normal weight ( = 18), obesity ( = 34), and obesity + HS ( = 42).