Cast Removal: Pearls and Methods.

Cast removal is a common procedure that can involve risks to the patient and should be done by a qualified and experienced provider. Indications for removal, assessment parameters, and careful procedural steps should be understood by all technicians, practitioners, and physicians who will participate in the removal of casting materials. Because this procedure can also produce anxiety for the patient and their family members, it is good practice to thoroughly inform the patient and answer any questions in advance to help reduce anxiety and promote cooperation from all during the process.

Novel hydration and nutritional strategies for sickle cell disease.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait affect over 300 million people worldwide. Vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) are the most common reason that these patients seek medical care.

Objectives: Recently, a newly identified "trigger" (involving glucose and electrolytes) for a mechanism of abnormal actin polymerization may offer further understanding with regard to the sequence of events that cascade to complications such as VOCs in those with sickle cell disease (SCD) and as well as those with sickle cell trait.

The interaction of valine and glucose and the influence on the spectrin-actin complex in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common severe monogenic disease in the world, is known for the hallmark vaso-occlusive crises that cause great suffering and degradation of health for these patients. In 1949, the discovery of the abnormal sickle cell hemoglobin protein (HbS) β-globin chain revealed a mutation where glutamic acid is replaced with a valine (β6Glu→Val). From this discovery came the pathophysiological mechanism based on the abnormal polymerization of deoxy-HbS.

Bio-Field Array: The Influence of Junction Mediating and Regulatory Protein Expression on Cytoskeletal Filament Behavior During Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Introduction: The Bio-Field Array (BFA) is a device that generates a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field (DEP-EMF) when placed in a hypotonic saline solution and a direct current (dc) of ~3 amperes is applied. Human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 cells) is known to have a high percentage of apoptotic () deficient cells and some patients can have poor outcomes with current treatments.

Objectives: Previously, we reported a strong upregulation of the apoptotic arm of the unfolded protein response, via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), as well as positive annexin staining in this human breast carcinoma, when grown in media prepared with BFA's dc DEP-EMF treated saline.

Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in cancerous and noncancerous cells.

Objectives: The bio-field array is a device that generates a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field when placed in a hypotonic saline solution and a direct current of approximately 3 A is applied. It is known that cell physiology is guided by bioelectrical properties, and there is a significant growth inhibition in cancerous (MDA-MB-231) cells that are grown in media that has been reconstituted with the saline that has been exposed to the bio-field array direct current dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field, alternatively there is no growth inhibition noted in noncancerous cells (MCF-10A) when grown in the bio-field array direct current dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field treated versus control media.

Methods: To examine the basis for selective growth inhibition in human breast carcinoma, we employed cell death assays, cell cycle assays, microarray analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Bio-field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes must maintain a biconcave discoid shape in order to efficiently deliver oxygen (O ) molecules and to recycle carbon dioxide (CO ) molecules. The erythrocyte is a small toroidal dielectrophoretic (DEP) electromagnetic field (EMF) driven cell that maintains its zeta potential (ζ) with a dielectric constant (ԑ) between a negatively charged plasma membrane surface and the positively charged adjacent Stern layer. Here, we propose that zeta potential is also driven by both ferroelectric influences (chloride ion) and ferromagnetic influences (serum iron driven).

Bio-electric field enhancement: the influence on hyaluronan mediated motility receptors in human breast carcinoma.

Mechanisms that regulate cancer cell metastasis are often intricately linked to mechanisms that control cell migration in wound repair. Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor (HMMR) encodes a receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), a non-integral cell surface hyaluronan receptor and intracellular protein that promotes mitotic spindle formation and cell motility. RHAMM has been found to have increased expression in both cancers and wounds, and when cancers show increased RHAMM expression poor outcomes have occurred.

Bioelectric Field Enhancement: The Influence on Membrane Potential and Cell Migration .

The extracellular matrix consists of critical components that affect fibroblast polarization and migration. The existence of both intrinsic and extrinsic electrical signals that play essential roles in the development, physiology, regeneration, and pathology of cells was discovered over a century ago. In this study, we study how the Bioelectric Field Enhancement (BEFE) device and its generated electromagnetic field (EMF) by continuous direct current (DC) significantly affect the membrane potential and cell migration of fibroblasts .

The dielectrophoretic disassociation of chloride ions and the influence on diamagnetic anisotropy in cell membranes.

Chloride channels represent ubiquitously expressed proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes including membrane potential, maintenance of intracellular pH, and regulation of cell volume. However, mechanisms to modulate this large family of ion channels have remained elusive to date. This large chloride channel family does not appear to operate with selectivity similar to the sodium and potassium channels.

Bioelectrodynamics: A New Patient Care Strategy for Nursing, Health, and Wellness.

Bioelectrodynamics is an interdisciplinary subject that offers a pathway for nursing to develop a new patient care strategy in health care. The application of bioenergy to living organisms has the potential to advance medical science in the areas of prevention, cancer, wound care, pain, and many other chronic diseases.