The paradoxical association between tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies and tension following alcohol consumption.

: Behavioral models suggest that strong tension-reduction alcohol-outcome expectancies (TREs) among drinkers should be associated with greater tension reduction after drinking. Yet, the few studies investigating this have found either no relationship or the opposite relationship.: We sought to explore this relationship by building upon the limitations of past studies and employing a placebo-controlled, within-subject experimental design.

Association of Missense Mutation in FOLH1 With Decreased NAAG Levels and Impaired Working Memory Circuitry and Cognition.

Objective: Altering the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) by pharmacology or genetics is associated with differences in learning and memory in animals and humans. GRM3 (the gene coding for mGluR3) is also genome-wide associated with risk for schizophrenia. The neurotransmitter -acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) is the selective endogenous agonist of mGluR3, and increasing NAAG may improve cognition.

Nimodipine improves cortical efficiency during working memory in healthy subjects.

The L-type calcium channel gene, CACNA1C, is a validated risk gene for schizophrenia and the target of calcium channel blockers. Carriers of the risk-associated genotype (rs1006737 A allele) have increased frontal cortical activity during working memory and higher CACNA1C mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex. The aim of this study was to determine how the brain-penetrant calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, changes brain activity during working memory and other cognitive and emotional processes.

Sensitivity and bias in the discrimination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional motion direction.

Sensory systems are faced with an essentially infinite number of possible environmental events but have limited processing resources. Posed with this challenge, it makes sense to allocate these resources to prioritize the discrimination of events with the most behavioral relevance. Here, we asked if such relevance is reflected in the processing and perception of motion.