Social Determinants of Health and Unmet Needs for Services among Young Adults with HIV: Medical Monitoring Project, 2018-2021.

Background: Persons aged 13-24 years are a priority population in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. Young adults with HIV have poorer health outcomes-including not being retained in care, antiretroviral nonadherence, and not being virally suppressed-than other persons with HIV.

Setting: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Medical Monitoring Project data collected June 2018 through May 2022.

Pre-treatment Pulmonary Function Testing Has Limited Utility In B-cell Lymphoma Treated with CD19 CAR T-cells.

Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are recommended for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) evaluation. However, their prognostic value in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy remains unclear. We assessed the predictive significance of PFTs and pulmonary comorbidity classifications, per the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), in B-cell lymphoma patients undergoing autologous CD19-CAR-T therapy.

A standardized care pathway increases optimal dialysis starts.

Objective:  To determine whether an intensive value-based care educational program that includes a standardized end-stage renal disease (ESRD) transition pathway would improve the number of optimal starts within Kidney Contracting Entities (KCEs).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:  We recorded optimal starts, defined as the initiation of dialysis without a central venous catheter, and the initial modality type (hemodialysis vs peritoneal dialysis [PD]) in adult Medicare patients in a Comprehensive Kidney Care Contracting program.

The Use of HIV Prevention Strategies and Services Reported by Black Women with a Risk for and with HIV in the United States.

Black women are disproportionately affected by HIV. We analyzed data from two Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV surveillance systems to better understand HIV prevention strategies used by Black women at risk for and with HIV to help inform efforts to end HIV. Among sexually active Black women, we analyzed 2019 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance data on women without HIV (n = 4,033) and 2018-2020 Medical Monitoring Project data on women with HIV (n = 967).

Reducing Metal Artifacts in Clinical Photon Counting Detector Computed Tomography-A Phantom Study of an Exemplary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Objective: To examine how different photon-counting detector (PCD) CT scanning and reconstruction methods affect the volume of metal artifacts and image quality for a hip prosthesis phantom.

Methods: A titanium and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum-alloy total hip prosthesis phantom was scanned using a clinical PCD-CT with a constant tube potential (140 kV) and Computed-Tomography-Dose- Index (7 mGy). Different scan settings were used: with/without tin-filter (Sn), with/without ultra-high resolution (UHR), both individually and combined, resulting in four modes: Quantumplus (Standard), UHR Quantumplus (HighRes), QuantumSn (Standard-Tin) and UHR QuantumSn (HighRes-Tin).

An Integrative Migraine Polygenic Risk Score Is Associated with Age at Onset But Not Chronification.

: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) demonstrate a complex genetic landscape for migraine risk. Migraine polygenic risk scores (PRSs) developed from GWAS data may have utility for predicting disease course. We analyzed the strength of association between an integrative migraine PRS and age at onset and chronification.

The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Cartilage Endplate Cells: A Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 in Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Catabolic Gene Expression.

Introduction: The vertebral cartilage endplate (CEP), crucial for intervertebral disc health, is prone to degeneration linked to chronic low back pain, disc degeneration, and Modic changes (MC). While it is known that disc cells express toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), it is unclear if CEP cells (CEPCs) share this trait. The CEP has a higher cell density than the disc, making CEPCs an important contributor.

Complete resolution across the neodymium/samarium isotopic envelope with a liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge - Orbitrap mass spectrometer.

Rationale: Nd and Sm isotope ratios play an important role in geological dating and as nuclear forensic signatures; however, the overlap of the respective 144, 148, 150 Nd/Sm isobars requires prior separations to be performed before analysis on typical MS platforms. The work presented here overcomes these isobaric interferences using ultrahigh-mass resolution to alleviate interference without prior chemical separations.

Methods: A liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge ion source was coupled to a standard, QExactive Focus Orbitrap mass spectrometer, providing a mass resolution of ~80 k.

Rationale for Adjunctive Treatment Targeting Multiple Mechanisms in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a complex syndrome with taxing symptoms and for which treatment challenges remain. Current dopamine Dreceptor-blocking antipsychotics have well-known limitations, including ineffectively treating across all symptom domains and generating common side effects such as motor disturbances, weight gain, and metabolic dysfunction. New approaches are sorely needed to address the continued unmet treatment needs for individuals living with schizophrenia.

A visual marker for early atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle on conventional MRI: introduction of the blackbird sign.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to introduce the blackbird sign as a fast, qualitative measure of early supraspinatus (SSP) muscle atrophy and to correlate the sign with quantitatively assessed muscle volume and intramuscular fat fraction (FF) in patients with full-thickness SSP tears.

Materials And Methods: The blackbird sign describes the asymmetric pattern of early SSP atrophy: on sagittal MR images, the supero-posterior contour of the muscle becomes concave, resembling the shape of a blackbird. MRIs of patients with full-thickness SSP tears were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of the blackbird and tangent signs.

Small molecule biomarkers predictive of Chagas disease progression.

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. However, only 20% to 30% of infected individuals will progress to severe symptomatic cardiac manifestations. Current treatments are benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are poorly tolerated regimens.

Leveraging home health aides to improve outcomes in heart failure: A pilot study protocol.

Heart failure (HF) affects six million people in the U.S., is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization.

In-line coupling of capillary-channeled polymer fiber columns with optical absorbance and multi-angle light scattering detection for the isolation and characterization of exosomes.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much interest due to their fundamental role in intracellular communication and their potential utility in clinical diagnostics and as biotherapeutic vectors. Of particular relevance is the subset of EVs referred to as exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, which contain incredible amounts of information about their cell of origin, which can be used to track the progress of disease. As a complementary action, exosomes can be engineered with therapeutic cargo to selectively target diseases.

Perceptions of Community Corrections and Treatment Experience: A Qualitative Study Among People With Incarceration Histories Receiving Outpatient Methadone Treatment.

Background: Community correctional experiences among individuals receiving methadone treatment (MT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) are poorly understood. We qualitatively investigated perceptions of community corrections and treatment experiences among individuals with criminal-legal system experience currently receiving outpatient MT.

Methods: From January to December 2017, we recruited 42 individuals with history of criminal-legal system involvement enrolled in outpatient MT at a low-barrier nonprofit organization operating multiple clinics in Connecticut.

The identification of WHO emergency signs in children by nurses at triage in an emergency department.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends the use of a three-tier triage system to recognise a sick child in low- and middle-income countries. The three tiers are based on standardised emergency and priority signs. No studies have evaluated the prevalence or reliable detection of these emergency signs.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Bilingual Nutrition Education Program in Partnership with a Mobile Health Unit.

There are limited reports of community-based nutrition education with culinary instruction that measure biomarkers, particularly in low-income and underrepresented minority populations. Teaching kitchens have been proposed as a strategy to address social determinants of health, combining nutrition education, culinary demonstration, and skill building. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development, implementation, and evaluation of Journey to Health, a program designed for community implementation using the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework.