OpenAI's GPT-4 performs to a high degree on board-style dermatology questions.

Background: Artificial intelligence tools such as OpenAI's GPT-4 have shown promise in medical education, but their potential in dermatology remains unexplored.

Objectives: To assess GPT-4's performance on dermatology board-style questions and determine its value as a supplementary educational tool for trainees and educators.

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated GPT-4's performance on 250 random dermatology board-style questions sampled from the American Academy of Dermatology's Board Prep Plus resource.

Caffeine in Skincare: Its Role in Skin Cancer, Sun Protection, and Cosmetics.

Caffeine is ubiquitous in our society-not only in the drinks consumed but also increasingly in dermatologic topicals. Given that coffee and caffeine are increasingly used for the production of many dermatologic anti-cancer topicals, sunscreens, and cosmetics, it is of imperative importance to review the basic science and clinical evidence for such claims. In this concise review, we outline the current evidence.

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: An Enigmatic Entity and Sign of Systemic Disease.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral disease characterized by intermittent eruptions of painful oral ulcerations. Hippocrates first described aphthous stomatitis with the Greek word meaning "to inflame." RAS affects 10-20% of the population with the incidence being the highest among young adults.

Treatment Delay in Melanoma: A Risk Factor Analysis of an Impending Crisis.

Risk factors associated with melanoma treatment delay (MTD) have been inadequately studied. To elucidate MTD associations based on patient and tumor characteristics, a retrospective cohort study was performed for cutaneous melanoma cases reported to the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated the number of days from diagnosis to treatment initiation, analyzing postponements more than 45 days as moderate MTD (mMTD) and postponements more than 90 days as severe MTD (sMTD).

Recognition and treatment of devastating vasculopathic systemic disorders: Coronavirus disease 2019 and rickettsioses.

Cutaneous involvement can be an important sign of both COVID-19 and rickettsioses. Rickettsial infections may be first evident as an exanthem with eschars as a key finding. In contrast, eschars and necrotic lesions can be seen in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Localized sebaceous carcinoma treatment: Wide local excision verses Mohs micrographic surgery.

The optimal surgical management of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has yet to be determined between Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excision (WLE). To investigate overall survival (OS) differences for SC undergoing WLE or MMS, The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all SC from 2004 to 2015 (n = 2863). Cases missing staging data, undergoing palliative care, showing lymph node extension, or of AJCC Stage III/IV were omitted.

Association of CARD8 Activating Polymorphism With Bone Erosion in Cholesteatoma Patients.

Objectives: We compared the incidence of polymorphisms activating the NLRP3 inflammasome between controls and patients with cholesteatoma and its potential association with bone erosion in patients with cholesteatoma.

Methods: This is a case-control study assessing the mutation rates in genes of interest in patients with and without cholesteatoma. A total of 133 saliva samples from control (n = 65) and cholesteatoma (n = 68) patients were collected for DNA extraction.

The physiology of melanin deposition in health and disease.

Eumelanin is the major pigment responsible for human skin color. This black/brown pigment is localized in membrane-bound organelles (melanosomes) found in specialized cells (melanocytes) in the basal layer of the epidermis. This review highlights the steps involved in melanogenesis in the epidermis and the disorders in skin pigmentation that occur when specific steps critical for this process are defective.

The Impact of Duty-Hour Restrictions on Complication Rates Following Major Head and Neck Procedures.

Objectives/hypothesis: To assess the impact of resident duty-hour restrictions (DHR) in otolaryngology via comparison of postoperative outcomes between otolaryngology teaching hospitals (Oto-TH) and nonteaching hospitals (NTH) before and after complete implementation.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for all major head and neck cases between 2000 and 2002 (n = 34,064) and 2008 and 2010 (n = 33,094).

Refusal of Cancer-Directed Surgery in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate the risk factors for refusal of recommended surgery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of a national database.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for all cases of HNSCC from 1989 to 2014. Patients who underwent recommended surgery (N = 98,270) were identified and compared to patients who refused recommended surgery (N = 3,582).