Direct and Indirect Effects of Brain Volume, Socioeconomic Status and Family Stress on Child IQ.

11 Background: A large literature documents the detrimental effects of socioeconomic disparities on intelligence and neuropsychological development. Researchers typically measure environmental factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), using income, parent's occupation and education. However, SES is more complex, and this complexity may influence neuropsychological outcomes.