Gun-related eye injuries: A primer.

Gun-related eye injuries are relatively common in the context of gunshot wounds to the head and neck. Many of the fundamental principles of gunshot wound management apply to the care of these patients, but the complex anatomy and functional relationships of the periocular region do pose special challenges. We provide a focused primer for physicians seeking a more in-depth understanding of gun-related eye injuries and present 3 representative cases outlining the spectrum of pathology, provide a focused review of the relevant ballistics concepts, and discuss the management of injuries to the periocular soft tissues, orbital structures, and globe.

The Flip-Back Myocutaneous Advancement Flap for Periocular Reconstruction.

Purpose: To present a novel myocutaneous flap for anterior lamellar reconstruction.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of consecutive patients who underwent Mohs reconstruction using the flip-back flap. Operations were performed by a single surgeon (DTT) between January 2012 and May 2016.

A Prospective Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Analyze Pain and Surgical Outcomes Between Frontal Nerve Blocks and Subconjunctival Anesthesia for Conjunctival Mullerectomy Resection.

Purpose: Conjunctival Müller's muscle resection (CMMR) is a posterior approach surgical technique to correct blepharoptosis. The purpose of this study is to compare patient-reported pain scores and surgical outcomes for patients who received 2 different anesthetic techniques during CMMR, frontal nerve block and subconjunctival injection.

Methods: A prospective randomized comparative clinical trial enrolled 33 CMMR subjects from one tertiary eye center.

Advanced single-stage eyelid reconstruction: anatomy and techniques.

Background: Skin cancers of the periocular tissue present formidable reconstructive challenges because of anatomic complexity, vital function, and cosmetic significance.

Objective: To review eyelid anatomy and reconstructive techniques from an oculoplastic surgery perspective.

Results: Eyelid structure and function are intimately linked, and good working knowledge is a prerequisite for successful reconstructive efforts.

Transitional cell-type papillary carcinoma of the lacrimal sac manifesting as a medial canthal skin lesion.

A 61-year-old man presented with a 2.5 cm fungating skin lesion above the right medial canthus, accompanied by fluctuance and subtle inferotemporal globe displacement. The tumor had erupted 2 months previously and grown rapidly.

Orbital fractures: national inpatient trends and complications.

Purpose: The present study aimed to examine cost, demographics, and short-term complications associated with orbital fractures and their surgical repair in the inpatient population in the United States over a 7-year period.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed by using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2008 and searching the database for discharges classified with International Classification of Disease-9 diagnosis codes of orbital fractures, orbital fracture repair, and associated diagnoses.

Results: There was nearly a 50% increase in the annual number of orbital fracture admissions from 2002 to 2008.