Study design and methods: U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER).

Introduction: The U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.

Community engagement group model in basic and biomedical research: lessons learned from the BEAT-HIV Delaney Collaboratory towards an HIV-1 cure.

Introduction: Achieving effective community engagement has been an objective of U.S. National Institutes of Health-funded HIV research efforts, including participation of persons with HIV.

Are we there yet? A machine learning architecture to predict organotropic metastases.

Background & Aims: Cancer metastasis into distant organs is an evolutionarily selective process. A better understanding of the driving forces endowing proliferative plasticity of tumor seeds in distant soils is required to develop and adapt better treatment systems for this lethal stage of the disease. To this end, we aimed to utilize transcript expression profiling features to predict the site-specific metastases of primary tumors and second, to identify the determinants of tissue specific progression.

Alginate/Chitosan Particle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Applications.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex, potentially life-threatening disease that is most effectively treated through the administration of antibiotics (e.g., colistimethate sodium).

Formulation of Antimicrobial Tobramycin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles via Complexation with AOT.

Tobramycin is a potent antimicrobial aminoglycoside and its effective delivery by encapsulation within nanoparticle carriers could increase its activity against infections through a combination of sustained release and enhanced uptake. Effective antimicrobial therapy against a clinically relevant model bacteria () requires sufficient levels of therapeutic drug to maintain a drug concentration above the microbial inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacteria. Previous studies have shown that loading of aminoglycoside drugs in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based delivery systems is generally poor due to weak interactions between the drug and the polymer.

Thiamethoxam: Long-term effects following honey bee colony-level exposure and implications for risk assessment.

Neonicotinoid insecticides have been used in a wide range of crops through seed treatment, soil and foliar applications and a large database exists on both their lethal and sub-lethal effects on honey bees under controlled laboratory conditions. However, colony-level studies on the effects of neonicotinoids in field studies are limited, primarily due to their complexity and the resources required. This paper reports the combined results of two large-scale colony-feeding studies, each with 6 weeks of continuous dosing of 12 colonies per treatment (24 control) to 12.

The effects of iprodione fungicide on survival, behavior, and brood development of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) after one foliar application during flowering on mustard.

A semifield study to assess the effects of iprodione on honeybees at label use rates was conducted on a bloom mustard crop. The present study followed the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 75 tunnel test and consisted of 3 groups: the iprodione-treated group, the untreated control group, and the toxic reference item group. In addition to the tunnels used for biological assessments, a tunnel was set up in the treatment and control groups to determine the level of residues in flowers, nectar, and pollen.

Thiamethoxam honey bee colony feeding study: Linking effects at the level of the individual to those at the colony level.

Neonicotinoid insecticides have been used globally on a wide range of crops through seed treatment as well as soil and foliar applications and have been increasingly studied in relation to the potential risk to bees because of their detection in pollen and nectar of bee-attractive crops. The present article reports the results of laboratory studies (10-d adult and 22-d larval toxicity studies assessing the chronic toxicity of thiamethoxam to adult honey bees and larvae, respectively) and a colony feeding study, with 6 wk of exposure in an area with limited alternative forage, to provide a prewintering colony-level endpoint. The endpoints following exposure of individuals in the laboratory (10-d adult chronic no-observed-effect concentration [NOEC] for mortality 117 μg thiamethoxam/kg sucrose solution, 141 μg thiamethoxam/L sucrose solution; 22-d larval chronic NOEC 102 μg thiamethoxam/kg diet) are compared with those generated at the colony level, which incorporates sublethal effects (no-observed-adverse-effect concentration [NOAEC] 50 μg thiamethoxam/L sucrose solution, 43 μg thiamethoxam/kg sucrose solution).