Evaluation of chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and methadone or tramadol as preventive analgesia in spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca) subjected to laparoscopy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of ketamine-midazolam for chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and tramadol or methadone as preventive analgesia in spotted pacas subjected to laparoscopy.

Study Design: Prospective placebo-controlled blinded trial.

Animals: A total of eight captive female Cuniculus paca weighing 9.