Three-Year Overall Survival of Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers With ≥50% PD-L1 Expression Treated With First-Line Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in a Real-World Setting (ESCKEYP GFPC Study).

Outside clinical trials, few data are available on the effect of long-term first-line pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancers with ≥50% of tumor cells expressing programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This French, multicenter study included consecutive advanced patients with non-small-cell lung cancer given first-line pembrolizumab alone between May 2017 (authorization date for this indication) and November 2019 (authorization date for pembrolizumab-chemotherapy combination). Information was collected from patients' medical files, with a local evaluation of the response and progression-free survival (PFS).

Phase II Study Evaluating the Mechanisms of Resistance on Tumor Tissue and Liquid Biopsy in Patients With EGFR-mutated Non-pretreated Advanced Lung Cancer Receiving Osimertinib Until and Beyond Radiologic Progression: The MELROSE Trial.

Background: Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a new therapeutic option in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The tumor escape mechanisms after first-line treatment with osimertinib are partially known; most of the data being obtained by analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the FLAURA phase III trial.

Study Design: The MELROSE study, a French multicentric, open label, phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.

Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Cancer and Preexisting Autoimmune Disease: A Nationwide, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer therapy frequently induce immune-related adverse effects (IRAEs). Therefore, most patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases have been excluded from clinical trials of ICIs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICIs in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease and cancer.

Efficacy of Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastases Pretreated with EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Background: The prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is poor.

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLCs and LM.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study of NSCLC patients with osimertinib-treated EGFR-mutated NSCLC and LM.

Clinical validation of a prognostic tool in a population of outpatients treated for incurable cancer undergoing anticancer therapy: PRONOPALL study.

Background: In 2008, a study of the characteristics of hospitalised patients led to the development of a prognostic tool that distinguished three populations with significantly different 2-month survival rates. The goal of our study aimed at validating prospectively this prognostic tool in outpatients treated for cancer in terminal stage, based on four factors: performance status (ECOG) (PS), number of metastatic sites, serum albumin and lactate dehydrogenase.

Patients And Methods: PRONOPALL is a multicentre study of current care.

Use of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for the Management of Elderly Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III Randomized ESOGIA-GFPC-GECP 08-02 Study.

Purpose: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is recommended to assess the vulnerability of elderly patients, but its integration in cancer treatment decision making has never been prospectively evaluated. Here, in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we compared a standard strategy of chemotherapy allocation on the basis of performance status (PS) and age with an experimental strategy on the basis of CGA.

Patients And Methods: In a multicenter, open-label, phase III trial, elderly patients ≥ 70 years old with a PS of 0 to 2 and stage IV NSCLC were randomly assigned between chemotherapy allocation on the basis of PS and age (standard arm: carboplatin-based doublet if PS ≤ 1 and age ≤ 75 years; docetaxel if PS = 2 or age > 75 years) and treatment allocation on the basis of CGA (CGA arm: carboplatin-based doublet for fit patients, docetaxel for vulnerable patients, and best supportive care for frail patients).

[Malignant pleural effusion as the presenting site of cancer: comparison with metastatic pleural effusions from known cancers].

Introduction: Few studies have focused on malignant pleural effusions as the presenting site of cancer. The aim of our study is to evaluate their proportion in the total number of malignant pleural effusions, to identify their causes and determine their prognosis.

Patients And Methods: Patients were selected retrospectively from the database of the Pathology Department of the University Hospital of Nantes (France), which contained only the patients in whom a diagnosis of malignant effusion was made as the result of cytology of pleural fluid or pleural biopsy, between January 1999 and December 2001.

[Intra-alveolar pulmonary haemorrhage, an unusual manifestation of the primary antiphospholipid syndrome].

Pulmonary embolism is the main pulmonary manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Other pulmonary manifestations including intra-alveolar haemorrhage are less common. We report a 36-year-old man with a primary antiphospholipid syndrome who presented with an acute respiratory failure due to the association of pulmonary embolism and intra-alveolar haemorrhage.

[Difficulties in the management of localised pulmonary Goodpasture's syndrome].

Introduction: The diagnosis of the pulmonary forms of Goodpasture's syndrome is not easy and requires a renal biopsy when no anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies are detected, since the disease can lead to spontaneous massive intra-alveolar haemorrhage that can be fatal. Treatment for the pulmonary-renal form combining corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis should be applied to the pulmonary form to control haemorrhage and prevent relapse.

Case Report: We report the case of a patient suffering from the localised pulmonary form of Goodpasture's syndrome in whom the diagnosis was delayed due to a negative indirect immunofluorescent antibody bioassay.

[Carrington's disease without eosinophils in the bronchial lavage].

Introduction: Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) or Carrington's disease is an infiltration of the lung parenchyma by eosinophils without known cause. The diagnosis of ICEP is based on well defined clinical and radiological characteristics associated with blood and/or alveolar eosinophilia. Alveolar hypereosinophilia is marked and regarded as a constant feature.

[Complex respiratory aspergillosis: diagnostic and therapeuthic difficulties].

Introduction: Respiratory aspergillosis with different physiopathologic mechanisms can be associated in one patient in rare occasions.

Case Report: We review three cases associating an allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and an other form of aspergillosis: aspergilloma, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis and we present a review of literature.

Conclusion: Such associations result in diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

Cytotoxic T cell responses against mesothelioma by apoptotic cell-pulsed dendritic cells.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an uncommon tumor largely confined to the thoracic cavity, which is resistant to conventional therapies, therefore prompting an intensive search for effective treatment alternatives. This study focuses on dendritic cell (DC) vaccination for malignant pleural mesothelioma and evaluates the in vitro efficacy of antigen-loaded DC-based vaccines for the induction of major histocompatibility complex Class I-restricted antimesothelioma cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. The source of tumor-associated antigens for HLA-A2(+) DCs from healthy donors was apoptotic HLA-A2(-) mesothelioma cells either lacking or expressing heat shock protein 70 according to whether tumor cells were heat shocked or not before ultraviolet-mediated apoptosis.

Regional gas distributions and single-breath washout curves in head-down position.

Regional distributions of inspired 133Xe and single-breath washout curves were compared in six young healthy subjects for the upright and the head-down positions. The regional distributions of volumes (at 0, 25, 50, and 75% vital capacity, VC) and of 133Xe boluses inhaled at residual volume (RV) were inverted in the head-down position, thus behaving as if they were determined by gravity acting via the weight of the lung rather than by thoracicoabdominal shape adaptations. Nevertheless no mirror image was obtained.

[Cardiorespiratory function in young bronchitis patients, mostly mineworkers, before and after kinesitherapy and exertion training. Comparison with a control group (Preliminary results)].

We have studied the effects of respiratory physiotherapy and physical training on the cardiopulmonary function of patients with early chronic bronchitis and broncho-obstruction presumably at the beginning stages. The trained group was compared with a control group who was treated with infra-red rays on the thorax. Both groups were treated during four weeks.

[Treatment of bronchial obstruction with beta-2-mimetic and anticholinergic agents in aerosol. Advantages of the combination of both groups of pharmaceuticals].

The authors remind the fundamental items of the bronchodilating treatments by means of pressurized aerosols using beta 2-agonists and parasympatholytics; a review of the literature on the toxicity of the different propellants used in the cartridges is presented. The problems proceeding from inequalities of deposition of the aerosols in the normal subjects and in lung diseases are stressed. Results regarding the prevalence of positive responses to aerosols of atropine methonitrate and to aerosols of a beta-agonist given to a group of patients with reversible broncho-obstruction are presented and discussed.

[Effect of almitrine on arterial gases in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Comparison with doxapram. Preliminary results].

We compared the effects of almitrine and doxapram on the arterial blood gases and ventilation of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency and chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia. Sixteen long-term in-patients were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups: the first group (8 patients) received IV almitrine 0.5 mg/kg and the second group (8 patients) IV doxapram 1 mg/kg by IV perfusion during 30 min.

Oxitropium bromide (Ba 253), an advance in the field of anticholinergic bronchodilating treatments. Preliminary results.

The changes in FEV1 and in specific conductance induced by 200 micrograms oxitropium bromide given as pressurized aerosol were measured at 8 time intervals during 7 hours after inhalation in a group of 19 patients with reversible broncho-obstruction. The working of the drug was compared to the functional values observed at the same time intervals after placebo, 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide and 400 micrograms fenoterol. Both oxitropium and ipratropium were definitely and significantly superior to placebo at all time intervals.