Economic impact of staphylococcal and mammaliicoccal subclinical mastitis in dairy herds from Northeast Brazil.

This study aimed to assess the impact of S. aureus as well as Non-aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci (NASM) subclinical mastitis-causing in the economic return in dairy herds. Data were gathered from the databases of five dairy herds located in the Agreste region of Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil, over a period of three consecutive months.

Impact of sample refrigeration and freezing on the bacteriological counts of different bedding materials for dairy cows.

Background: Different organic and inorganic bedding materials can be used in dairy farms. Among organic materials, there is an increasing interest in alternative substrates based on recycled manure solids (RMS). Microbiological analyses are crucial to monitor the microbial load and evaluate the presence of pathogens impacting animal welfare and health.

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: Description and Importance in Food.

stands out as one of the most virulent pathogens in the genus . This characteristic is due to its ability to produce a wide variety of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and exotoxins, which in turn can cause staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), clinical syndromes such as skin infections, inflammation, pneumonia, and sepsis, in addition to being associated with the development of inflammation in the mammary glands of dairy cattle, which results in chronic mastitis and cell necrosis. SEs are small globular proteins that combine superantigenic and emetic activities; they are resistant to heat, low temperatures, and proteolytic enzymes and are tolerant to a wide pH range.

Effect of a lime-based bedding conditioner on physical-chemical characteristics and microbiological counts of recycled manure solids.

Bedding materials are aimed at providing a safe and comfortable resting environment for cows. Control of pathogen proliferation in these substrates is crucial to prevent intramammary infections in dairy cows, as these can significantly impact milk quality, cow health, and farm productivity. This is particularly relevant in the case of organic bedding substrates, including manure-derived materials.

Current Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Bovine Mastitis Research: A Bibliometric Review Approach.

Mastitis, an important disease in dairy cows, causes significant losses in herd profitability. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for adequate control. Studies using artificial intelligence (AI) models to classify, identify, predict, and diagnose mastitis show promise in improving mastitis control.

Identification and validation of putative biomarkers by in silico analysis, mRNA expression and oxidative stress indicators for negative energy balance in buffaloes during transition period.

Objective: Transition period is considered from 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, characterized with dramatic events (endocrine, metabolic, and physiological) leading to occurrence of production diseases (negative energy balance/ketosis, milk fever etc). The objectives of our study were to analyze the periodic concentration of serum beta-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), glucose and oxidative markers along with identification, and validation of the putative markers of negative energy balance in buffaloes using in-silico and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay.

Methods: Out of 20 potential markers of ketosis identified by in-silico analysis, two were selected and analyzed by qRT-PCR technique (upregulated; acetyl serotonin o-methyl transferase like and down regulated; guanylate cyclase activator 1B).

Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media.

Using on-farm microbiological culture (OFC), based on chromogenic culture media, enables the identification of mastitis causing pathogens in about 24 h, allows rapid decision making on selective treatment and control management measures of cows with clinical mastitis (CM). However, accurate interpretation of OFC results requires trained and experienced operators, which could be a limitation for the use of OFC in dairy farms. Our hypothesis was that AI-based automated plate reading mobile application can analyze images of microorganisms' colonies in chromogenic culture media with similar diagnostic performance as a trained specialist evaluator.

Factors Influencing Milk Quality and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds Housed in Compost-Bedded Pack Barn System.

The compost-bedded pack barn (CBPB) system has been increasingly adopted by dairy farms due to its ability to enhance animal comfort and milk production. This study evaluated the associations among bedding characteristics, milk quality and composition, and subclinical mastitis (SCM) occurrence in dairy herds housed in CBPB systems. Over a period of six months, data related to milk quality and udder health and bedding sampling were collected from eight dairy farms.

In Vitro Activity of Quaternary Ammonium in Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Identified by Mass Spectrometry and PCR Sequencing of the Gene Marker.

The in vitro algaecide activity of quaternary ammonium (QA) against isolated from bovine clinical mastitis was investigated, in which the clinical severity was scored, milk samples were subjected to microbiological culture, and algal species were identified by molecular typing. A total of 4275 milk clinical samples of different cows from ten large dairy farms were used. Forty-four (1%) samples of cows from three dairy farms yielded growth of , of which 88.

Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Subclinical Mastitis-Causing Multidrug-Resistant .

The core objective of this study was to genetically and phenotypically characterize subclinical mastitis-causing multidrug-resistant (MDRSA). In addition, risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis caused by MDRSA were investigated. Bacterial cultures were performed on 2120 mammary quarters, 40 swabs of milk utensils, 5 bulk tank milk samples, and 11 nostril and 11 hand swabs from milkers from five dairy farms.

The Association between Socioeconomic Profiles, Attitudes, and Knowledge of Dairy Farmers Regarding Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between the bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC) and dairy farmers' knowledge about milk quality, mastitis control, and their socioeconomic characteristics. Additionally, we estimated the association between the bulk tank SCC and bulk tank milk hygienic quality in dairy herds. Bulk tank milk samples from 120 dairy herds enrolled in the milk quality payment program were collected for the determination of the SCC, the total bacterial count (TBC), the preliminary incubation count (PIC), the laboratory pasteurization count (PC), and the coliform count (CC).

Advances in Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Management in Bovine Mastitis.

Mastitis causes huge economic losses to dairy farmers worldwide, which largely negatively affects the quality and quantity of milk. Mastitis decreases overall milk production, degrades milk quality, increases milk losses because of milk being discarded, and increases overall production costs due to higher treatment and labour costs and premature culling. This review article discusses mastitis with respect to its clinical epidemiology, the pathogens involved, economic losses, and basic and advanced diagnostic tools that have been used in recent times to diagnose mastitis effectively.

Association between Mastitis Occurrence in Dairy Cows and Bedding Characteristics of Compost-Bedded Pack Barns.

Compost-bedded pack barns (CB) are receiving increasing attention as a housing system that can potentially improve the welfare of dairy cows. This study characterized the frequency and profile of pathogens isolated from clinical (CM) and subclinical (SCM) mastitis in dairy cows housed in CB. It evaluated the association between mastitis occurrence and bedding characteristics in CB systems.

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes profiles of spa type t605 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis.

Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens associated with mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. This study evaluated the profile of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of spa type t605 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods And Results: A total of 57 S.

Antimicrobial activities of polyhexamethylene biguanide against biofilm-producing Prototheca bovis causing bovine mastitis.

Prototheca spp. is a frequent cause of bovine mastitis and is highly resistant to commonly used disinfectants. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) against mastitis-causing Prototheca spp.

Diagnosing Intramammary Infection: Meta-Analysis and Mapping Review on Frequency and Udder Health Relevance of Microorganism Species Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry provides accurate species-level identification of many, microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. However, not all those microorganisms are pathogenic. Our study aimed to: (1) determine the species-specific prevalence of microorganisms identified in bovine milk of apparently healthy lactating quarters vs.

Evaluation of Chromogenic Culture Media for Rapid Identification of Gram-Positive Bacteria Causing Mastitis.

The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance specificity (Sp), sensitivity (Se), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (Acc) of two chromogenic culture media for rapid identification of Gram-positive bacteria causing subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows. For this, the performance of chromogenic culture media Gram-positive (GP) and (Staph) (CHROMagar ™, Paris-France) was evaluated in milk samples collected from: (1) lactating cows with SCM ( = 504), and (2) cows in the post-partum period (PP) (7 ± 3 days post-partum; = 536). Rapid identification of Gram-positive bacteria in chromogenic media was performed by visual inspection of colony colors after 24 h of incubation at 37°C.

Internal Teat Sealant Administered at Drying off Reduces Intramammary Infections during the Dry and Early Lactation Periods of Dairy Cows.

The effect of an internal teat sealant (ITS) on subsequent infection of the mammary gland was evaluated on the following mammary gland health indicators: (a) bacteriological cure of preexisting intramammary infections at drying off, (b) risk of postpartum new intramammary infections (NIMI), (c) cure and risk of new cases of subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (d) risk of postpartum clinical mastitis (CM). A total of 553 cows during late gestation were randomly assigned into two treatment protocols at drying off: (a) Dry cow therapy with 0.25 g of intramammary anhydrous cefalonium (ADCT; Cepravin, MSD Animal Health); or (b) ADCT combined with ITS (SDCT; 4 g bismuth subnitrate; Masti-Seal, MSD Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil).

Chronic subclinical mastitis reduces milk and components yield at the cow level.

We evaluated the effects of chronic subclinical mastitis (CSM) caused by different types of pathogens on milk yield and milk components at the cow level. A total of 388 Holstein cows had milk yield measured and were milk sampled three times at intervals of two weeks for determination of SCC and milk composition, and microbiological culture was performed. Cows were considered healthy if all three samples of SCC were ≤200 000 cells/ml and were culture-negative at the third milk sampling.

Antimicrobial use for treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy herds from Brazil and its association with herd-level descriptors.

The aims of this prospective and descriptive study were to: (a) characterize treatment profile and quantify antimicrobial consumption for treatment of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy herds of Brazil; and, (b) determine the association of antimicrobial use (AMU) for treatment of CM and herd-level descriptors, such as herd size, average milk yield, bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC), bulk milk total bacterial count (BMTBC), season and housing type. Data on treatment practices were obtained from 19 of 20 dairy herds selected for the study for a period of 12 months per herd. Treatment protocols were recorded in each case of CM by the farm personnel using a form that included information at the cow- and treatment-level.

Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine clinical mastitis.

A genotypic characterization of Streptococcus uberis isolated from clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, and the association of Strep. uberis genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) was performed. A total of 89 isolates identified as Strep.

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical mastitis in dairy cattle.

The objectives of this study were to: (a) genotypically characterize Streptococcus agalactiae isolates recovered from clinical mastitis (CM) cases in dairy cows and, (b) determine the association of antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) and genotypes of Strep. agalactiae clustered according to the genetic similarity. A total of 89 Strep.

Isolates from Bovine Mastitis in Eight Countries: Genotypes, Detection of Genes Encoding Different Toxins and Other Virulence Genes.

is recognized worldwide as one of the major agents of dairy cow intra-mammary infections. This microorganism can express a wide spectrum of pathogenic factors used to attach, colonize, invade and infect the host. The present study evaluated 120 isolates from eight different countries that were genotyped by RS-PCR and investigated for 26 different virulence factors to increase the knowledge on the circulating genetic lineages among the cow population with mastitis.

Herd characteristics and management practices associated with bulk tank milk quality of dairy herds in southeastern Brazil.

This study identified the association of management practices and herd characteristics with milk quality of bulk tanks in southeastern, Brazil. Milk samples were collected weekly during 8 weeks from 63 dairy herds. Bulk tanks were evaluated for total bacteria (TBC), preliminary incubation (PIC), pasteurization (PC), coliform (CC), and somatic cell counts (SCC).