Comparative analysis of soybean transcriptional profiles reveals defense mechanisms involved in resistance against Diaporthe caulivora.

Soybean stem canker (SSC) caused by the fungal pathogen Diaporthe caulivora is an important disease affecting soybean production worldwide. However, limited information related to the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to Diaporthe species is available. In the present work, we analyzed the defense responses to D.

Comparative genomics of plant pathogenic Diaporthe species and transcriptomics of Diaporthe caulivora during host infection reveal insights into pathogenic strategies of the genus.

Background: Diaporthe caulivora is a fungal pathogen causing stem canker in soybean worldwide. The generation of genomic and transcriptomic information of this ascomycete, together with a comparative genomic approach with other pathogens of this genus, will contribute to get insights into the molecular basis of pathogenicity strategies used by D. caulivora and other Diaporthe species.

Soybean Stem Canker Caused by ; Pathogen Diversity, Colonization Process, and Plant Defense Activation.

Soybean is an important crop in South America, and its production is limited by fungal diseases caused by species from the genus , including seed decay, pod and stem blight, and soybean stem canker (SSC). In this study, we focused on species isolated from soybean plants with SSC lesions in different parts of Uruguay. diversity was determined by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal RNA and a partial region of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1α).

Genome-wide analysis of the soybean CRK-family and transcriptional regulation by biotic stress signals triggering plant immunity.

Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are transmembrane proteins that exhibit ectodomains containing the domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26). The CRKs form a large subfamily of receptor-like kinases in plants, and their possible functions remain to be elucidated. Several lines of evidence suggest that CRKs play important roles in plant defense responses to environmental stress, including plant immunity.

Adaptation Mechanisms in the Evolution of Moss Defenses to Microbes.

Bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts and hornworts are early land plants that have evolved key adaptation mechanisms to cope with abiotic stresses and microorganisms. Microbial symbioses facilitated plant colonization of land by enhancing nutrient uptake leading to improved plant growth and fitness. In addition, early land plants acquired novel defense mechanisms to protect plant tissues from pre-existing microbial pathogens.

Activation of Shikimate, Phenylpropanoid, Oxylipins, and Auxin Pathways in Pectobacterium carotovorum Elicitors-Treated Moss.

Plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to cope with microbial pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of defense. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the activation of plant defense by PAMPs and DAMPs recognition in tracheophytes, far less information exists on related processes in early divergent plants like mosses.

Physcomitrella patens Activates Defense Responses against the Pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

The moss Physcomitrella patens is a suitable model plant to analyze the activation of defense mechanisms after pathogen assault. In this study, we show that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from symptomatic citrus fruit infects P. patens and cause disease symptoms evidenced by browning and maceration of tissues.

Activation of Defense Mechanisms against Pathogens in Mosses and Flowering Plants.

During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to cope with and adapt to different types of stress, including microbial infection. Once the stress is sensed, signaling pathways are activated, leading to the induced expression of genes with different roles in defense. Mosses (Bryophytes) are non-vascular plants that diverged from flowering plants more than 450 million years ago, allowing comparative studies of the evolution of defense-related genes and defensive metabolites produced after microbial infection.

Physcomitrella patens activates reinforcement of the cell wall, programmed cell death and accumulation of evolutionary conserved defence signals, such as salicylic acid and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, but not jasmonic acid, upon Botrytis cinerea infection.

The moss Physcomitrella patens is an evolutionarily basal model system suitable for the analysis of plant defence responses activated after pathogen assault. Upon infection with the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, several defence mechanisms are induced in P. patens, including the fortification of the plant cell wall by the incorporation of phenolic compounds and the induced expression of related genes.

Multiple defence signals induced by Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora elicitors in potato.

SUMMARY Signal pathways involved in Solanum tuberosum-Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora(SCC3193) interaction were characterized. To this end, the concentration of several signal molecules implicated in plant defence such as ethylene (ET), jasmonates (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were measured in potato plants treated by cell-free culture filtrates (CF) from E.

Down-regulation of photosystem I by Erwinia carotovora-derived elicitors correlates with H(2)O(2) accumulation in chloroplasts of potato.

SUMMARY Identification of Solanum tuberosum genes responsive to culture filtrates (CF) from Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora resulted in isolation of psaD, a nuclear gene encoding the PSI-D subunit of photosystem I (PSI). This gene was rapidly and markedly down-regulated in CF-treated or wounded plants.

A novel potato defence-related alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase induced in response to Erwinia carotovora.

Identification of Solanum tuberosum genes responsive to culture filtrates (CF) from Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora led to the isolation of a full-length cDNA with high sequence similarity to several alcohol dehydrogenases. Accumulation of transcripts corresponding to this defence-related alcohol dehydrogenase (drd-1) was rapidly induced in CF-treated and wounded plants.

Pathogen derived elicitors: searching for receptors in plants.

SUMMARY Recognition of potential pathogens is central to plants' ability to defend themselves against harmful microbes. Plants are able to recognize pathogen-derived molecules; elicitors that trigger a number of induced defences in plants. Microbial elicitors constitute a bewildering array of compounds including different oligosaccharides, lipids, peptides and proteins.