Treatment-induced diabetes neuropathy: description of singular clinical signs to reach a prompt diagnosis.

A 23-year-old woman diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in 2011 came to our outpatient office because of an inability to walk correctly. She was under a basal bolus insulin regimen. In the summer of 2016, she experienced a rapid improvement in her glycaemic control.

Information and Communications Technologies (ICT): Problematic use of Internet, video games, mobile phones, instant messaging and social networks using MULTICAGE-TIC.

Use/abuse of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) has in recent years become a topic of great interest. Current discussion addresses whether it must be considered addictive behaviour and if it is a problem that primarily affects adolescents and youth. This study aims to understand the problems that affect people of all ages in controlling the use of these ICTs and whether they are related to mental health problems, stress and difficulties in executive control of behaviour.

The Default Mode Network is functionally and structurally disrupted in amnestic mild cognitive impairment - a bimodal MEG-DTI study.

Over the past years, several studies on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have reported Default Mode Network (DMN) deficits. This network is attracting increasing interest in the AD community, as it seems to play an important role in cognitive functioning and in beta amyloid deposition. Attention has been particularly drawn to how different DMN regions are connected using functional or structural connectivity.

Source analysis of spontaneous magnetoencephalograpic activity in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment: influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism.

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects cholinergic system functioning. The association between reduced cholinergic levels and increase of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) low-frequency has been used to explain spectral changes found in AD patients. However, the investigation in predementia stages is scarce.

[Relationship between memory complaints and memory performance, mood and sociodemographic variables in young adults].

Introduction: Neurological consultations due to memory complaints have increased in recent years in both older and younger people. Few investigations have studied the variables related to memory complaints in young adults.

Aim: To analyze, in a sample of young adults, the relationship between memory complaints and objective memory performance, depressive and anxiety symptoms, age, sex and level of studies.

[Prefrontal symptoms and personality disorders in substance abusers].

Introduction: Neuroimaging findings associate personality traits and their disorders with an altered functioning of certain areas of the brain, especially in the frontal lobe. There is a need for instruments that can be applied in clinical practice to explore these relations based on their behavioural manifestations.

Patients And Methods: The sample was composed of 371 subjects with substance abuse/dependence.

[A new shortened version of the Boston Naming Test for those aged over 65: an approach from item response theory].

Introduction: One of the tests that is mostly widely used to evaluate aphasia in clinical practice is the Boston Naming Test (BNT), a classic test in which 60 black and white pictures are presented to subjects in order to evaluate their capacity to put a name to such pictures. Despite its psychometric goodness, the number of items in the test has to be reduced in order to lower the time required to apply it.

Subjects And Methods: Researchers recruited a sample of 547 subjects over the age of 65, who were then administered a neuropsychological evaluation protocol, including the BNT, to determine their cognitive statuses.

[Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory for clinical evaluation of addictions in everyday life: development process and psychometric properties].

Introduction: Research has provided evidence of the presence of prefrontal symptoms in addicts, although they are usually evaluated using questionnaires that were created for acquired brain injury.

Aims: To produce a specific instrument for evaluating those symptoms in subjects with addictions.

Subjects And Methods: For the study, 1624 participants were recruited (445 addicts and 1179 from the general population) and were given a 100-item inventory to complete based on the three spheres of human activity (cognition, emotion and behaviour) in relation to the three great prefrontal syndromes (dorsolateral, ventromedial and orbital).

[Neuropsychological characterization of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity in drug addicts: clinical implications].

Impulsivity is a stable correlate throughout the course of drug addiction. However, it has always been studied as a negative condition, linked to psychopathology. Dickman (1990) proposed two subdimensions of impulsivity, dysfunctional (DI) and functional (FI).

[A proposal for a protocol of neuropsychological assessment for use in addictions].

Introduction: Interest in the brain processes involved in establishing, maintaining and overcoming addictions has led to the development, in recent years, of a number of neurocognitive models with a substantial amount of empirical support. However, agreement still needs to be reached regarding the clinical evaluation tests that can be administered and the reason for doing so. The aim of this work is to outline some of the most useful neuropsychological tests for evaluating addicts, as well as the scales of day-to-day symptoms and occupational performance tests that have been validated in Spanish for this population.

[Evaluation of occupational performance in everyday life in addicted population. Development of a measuring instrument: the ADO].

Addiction is a complex disorder of brain function, which involves primarily the frontal cortex as a structure responsible for the organization of intentional behavior. The performance of everyday life activity is one of the key factors in assessing the impact of cognitive impairment. There are no validated instruments in Spanish applicable to addicts for assessing self-perceived efficacy in the performance of everyday activities.

[Prefrontal symptoms assessment: psychometric properties and normative data of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) in a sample from the Spanish population].

Introduction: Research on the deficits derived from alterations in the prefrontal circuits has been conducted almost exclusively from a categorical perspective, which differentiates normal from pathological functioning. The functioning of the prefrontal cortex, however, can be seen as a continuous dimension. The Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) was created with the intention of being useful as a qualitative measure of the symptoms of 'dysexecutive syndrome' in day-to-day life.

[Personality differences between alcohol abusers and matched controls: Relation to frontal symptoms and subtypes of addicts].

Epidemiological studies usually show a link between personality disorders and addictions. Dimensional models of personality, such as that of Cloninger, are able to diagnose and discriminate between transient dysfunctional behavior styles and relatively more stable traits. Certain brain areas have been proposed, as trait locations, based on their activation.

[Neuropsychological study of young adults with subjective memory complaints: involvement of the executive functions and other associated frontal symptoms].

Introduction: Subjective memory complaints are one of the reasons why young adults visit neurology services. Generally speaking, memory complaints are considered to increase with age and, in the elderly, they become associated to a number of factors (depression, other emotional problems, personality or self-perceived quality of life). Their appearance has also been related with disorders affecting meta-memory and the frontal lobes.

[Personality and frontal symptomatology in addicts and nonclinical population: toward a neuropsychology of personality].

Objective: For many years now, Neuropsychology and the Psychology of Personality have developed in parallel, without any attempt to integrate the knowledge provided by the two disciplines. This paper sets out to analyze the relationship between the presence of symptoms in daily life related to the functioning of the brain's frontal lobes and individuals' personality patterns.

Participants And Methods: The Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-Sp), the Frontal System Behavior Scale (FrSBe- Sp) and the Inventory of Temperament and Character Revised (TCI-R) were administered to 421 non-clinical participants and 246 individuals in treatment for substance abuse or dependence.

[Spanish version of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-Sp): psychometric properties in addicts and non-clinical sample].

Objective: Several studies have shown evidence of executive function impairment associated with substance abuse. This suggests the potential usefulness of a baseline assessment measure to screen for dysexecutive impairments in individuals beginning treatment. The Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) is a test widely used to estimate executive dysfunction.

[Neuropsychological profile in cocaine addiction: issues about addict's social environment and predictive value of cognitive status in therapeutic outcomes].

Introduction And Objective: This study analyses the neuropsychological profile of a sample of cocaine addicts and compares it with a control group from the same social environment. Also, it explores the predictive power of some neuropsychological tests on treatment outcome six months after the exploration.

Participants And Method: We administered a neuropsychological battery to 30 patients with a diagnosis of cocaine abuse or cocaine dependence, and to 30 control participants with no history of drug abuse from the same social environment.