Estimate of propulsive force in front crawl swimming in young athletes.

Background: Improvement in swimming performance involves the dynamic alignment of the body in liquid, technical skill, anthropometric characteristics of athletes, and the ability to develop propulsive force. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between the propulsive force during swimming and arm muscle area (AMA) and propose an equation to estimate the propulsive force in young swimmers by measuring their AMA.

Methods: Study participants were 28 male swimmers (14 ± 1.