FROM GARRINCHA'S LEGS TO NEYMAR'S LEGS: THE GENU VARUM AND VALGUM IN SOCCER. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND UPDATE.

The presence of abnormalities in knee alignment (genu varum and genu valgum) is extremely common in soccer. It can occur in the junior league / youth academy and perpetuate itself throughout the professional career. The consequences of years of high-level sports practice in players with genu varum / genu valgum can be harmful to the knees.

Surgical Technique: Anatomic Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Retensioning Repair.

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and the MPFL/vastus medialis obliquus complex are essential for patellar stability. Insufficiency of the MPFL can lead to altered biomechanics and patellofemoral joint contact pressure, high recurrence rate, osteochondral lesions, compromised knee function, and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Most frequently surgical reconstruction of the MPFL is performed to address patellar instability; however, open physis and donor site morbidity can be a concern.

Transtibial technique versus two incisions in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: tunnel positioning, isometricity and functional evaluation.

Objective: To compare the transtibial and two-incision techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a single band.

Methods: A prospective and randomized study was conducted in blocks. Patients underwent ACL reconstruction by means of two techniques: transtibial (group 1: 20 patients) or two incisions (group 2: 20 patients).