Meta-analysis to Implement Alpha-Synuclein in Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Biomarker for Parkinsons Disease.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), exosomes carry α-synuclein (α-syn), a fibrillar protein aggregates with potential value as a biomarker. Evidence on blood levels of exosomal α-syn in PD patients and controls was reviewed for their consistency. Thirty-six studies on exosomal α-syn concentrations in PD were identified in a systematic literature search and meta-analysis.

Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders.

Objective: The goal was to compare the impairment on executive functions in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) alone and with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), or both (ADHD+ODD+CD).

Design: A total of 162 patients were diagnosed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), and the results of their performances in Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Tower of London (ToLo) were compared.

Results: Patients with only ADHD showed less impairment in the BRIEF domains and were younger than those with ADHD+CD; the latter group showed a better performance in the time-related domains of ToLo.