Canine, Feline, and Murine Mammary Tumors as a Model for Translational Research in Breast Cancer.

In veterinary medicine, mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs and the third most frequent in cats, representing a significant challenge. Efforts have been directed toward adopting standardized diagnostic criteria to better understand tumor behavior and progression in these species. Meanwhile, the use of animal models has substantially advanced the understanding of comparative mammary carcinogenesis.