Protracted neuronal recruitment in the temporal lobes of young children.

The temporal lobe of the human brain contains the entorhinal cortex (EC). This region of the brain is a highly interconnected integrative hub for sensory and spatial information; it also has a key role in episodic memory formation and is the main source of cortical hippocampal inputs. The human EC continues to develop during childhood, but neurogenesis and neuronal migration to the EC are widely considered to be complete by birth.

Comment on "Impact of neurodegenerative diseases on human adult hippocampal neurogenesis".

Terreros-Roncal . investigated the impacts of human neurodegeneration on immunostainings assumed to be associated with neurogenesis. However, the study provides no evidence that putative proliferating cells are linked to neurogenesis, that multipolar nestin astrocytes are progenitors, or that mature-looking doublecortin neurons are adult-born.

Single-cell analysis of the ventricular-subventricular zone reveals signatures of dorsal and ventral adult neurogenesis.

The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), on the walls of the lateral ventricles, harbors the largest neurogenic niche in the adult mouse brain. Previous work has shown that neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in different locations within the V-SVZ produce different subtypes of new neurons for the olfactory bulb. The molecular signatures that underlie this regional heterogeneity remain largely unknown.

Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells recruit resident pericytes and induce blood vessels maturation to repair experimental spinal cord injury in rats.

Angiogenesis is considered to mediate the beneficial effects of mesenchymal cell therapy in spinal cord injury. After a moderate balloon-compression injury in rats, injections of either human adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) or their conditioned culture media (CM-hADSC) elicited angiogenesis around the lesion site. Both therapies increased vascular density, but the presence of hADSCs in the tissue was required for the full maturation of new blood vessels.

Type IV collagen conforms to the organization of polylaminin adsorbed on planar substrata.

Tissue engineering demands the development of scaffolds that mimic natural extracellular matrices (ECM). Despite the success in obtaining synthetic interstitial ECM, the production of an artificial basement membrane (BM), the specialized thin sheet of ECM that is pivotal for the functional organization of most tissues and internal organs, is still not achieved. With the long-term aim of developing a flat BM-like structure here we investigated the behavior of acid-soluble Col IV during simultaneous assembly with laminin (LM) in acidic conditions.

Development of Ependymal and Postnatal Neural Stem Cells and Their Origin from a Common Embryonic Progenitor.

The adult mouse brain contains an extensive neurogenic niche in the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. This epithelium, which has a unique pinwheel organization, contains multiciliated ependymal (E1) cells and neural stem cells (B1). This postnatal germinal epithelium develops from the embryonic ventricular zone, but the lineage relationship between E1 and B1 cells remains unknown.

Fractone Bulbs Derive from Ependymal Cells and Their Laminin Composition Influence the Stem Cell Niche in the Subventricular Zone.

Fractones are extracellular matrix structures in the neural stem cell niche of the subventricular zone (SVZ), where they appear as round deposits named bulbs or thin branching lines called stems. Their cellular origin and what determines their localization at this site is poorly studied, and it remains unclear whether they influence neural stem and progenitor cell formation, proliferation, and/or maintenance. To address these questions, we analyzed whole-mount preparations of the lateral ventricle of male and female mice by confocal microscopy using different extracellular matrix and cell markers.

Short-term l-arginine supplementation attenuates elevation of interleukin 6 level after resistance exercise in overweight men.

Background And Aim: l-Arginine (l-arg) supplementation and resistance exercise can induce changes in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines; however, it has not been investigated in obese hypertensive men. This study examines the effects of short-term l-arg supplementation and acute resistance exercise (AREX) on cytokine levels in obese hypertensive men.

Methods: Eight obese hypertensive men aged 46 ± 6 yrs.

Human mesenchymal cells from adipose tissue deposit laminin and promote regeneration of injured spinal cord in rats.

Cell therapy is a promising strategy to pursue the unmet need for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although several studies have shown that adult mesenchymal cells contribute to improve the outcomes of SCI, a description of the pro-regenerative events triggered by these cells is still lacking. Here we investigated the regenerative properties of human adipose tissue derived stromal cells (hADSCs) in a rat model of spinal cord compression.

Ascorbic acid reduces gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through the control of reactive oxygen species.

Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many forms of acute renal failure. The aim was examine the effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress and its relationship with nitric oxide on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Methods: We utilized 32 Wistar rats allocated in four groups of eight animals each: control (CTL), vitamin C (VIT C), gentamicin (GENTA), and GENTA + VIT C; all groups were treated during seven days.

Polylaminin, a polymeric form of laminin, promotes regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Regeneration of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major topic of biomedical research. Laminin is an extracellular matrix protein implicated in neural development and regeneration, but despite that, there are no reports of exogenous laminin contributing to improve the outcome of experimental SCI. Here we investigated whether a biomimetic polymer of laminin assembled on pH acidification, henceforth called polylaminin, could be used to treat SCI in rats.