The Stilbene Synthase Family in : A Genome-Wide Study and Functional Characterization in Response to Stress.

Peanut () and its wild relatives are among the few species that naturally synthesize resveratrol, a well-known stilbenoid phytoalexin that plays a crucial role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Resveratrol has received considerable attention due to its health benefits, such as preventing and treating various human diseases and disorders. Chalcone (CHS) and Stilbene (STS) Synthases are plant-specific type III Polyketide Synthases (PKSs) that share the same substrates and are key branch enzymes in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and stilbenoids, respectively.

Transcriptome Responses of Wild to UV-C Exposure Reveal Genes Involved in General Plant Defense and Priming.

Stress priming is an important strategy for enhancing plant defense capacity to deal with environmental challenges and involves reprogrammed transcriptional responses. Although ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is a widely adopted approach to elicit stress memory and tolerance in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying UV-mediated plant priming tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the changes in the global transcriptome profile of wild leaves in response to UV-C exposure.

Presence of resveratrol in wild Arachis species adds new value to this overlooked genetic resource.

Genus Arachis comprises 82 species distributed into nine taxonomic sections. Most Arachis species are wild and those from Arachis section have been evaluated for many traits, since they can be used in peanut breeding. Most of the remaining species have been neglected and understudied.

Loss of genetic integrity in artificially aged seed lots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Loss of genetic integrity can occur during the long-term conservation of seeds. We have studied these effects in seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Comet and cytogenetic tests as tools for evaluating genomic instability in seeds of Oryza sativa L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. from gene banks.

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of comet and cytogenetic tests as tools for evaluating genomic instability in seeds of Oryza sativa L. (rice) and Phaseolus vulgaris (beans) L. from gene banks.

Chemical composition and biological activities of Arachis species.

Arachis hypogaea , known as the peanut, is native to South America. Peanut contains several active components including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, alkaloids, and stilbenes. Some therapeutic effects have been reported for peanut seed extracts, such as antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Phylogenetic relationships in genus Arachis based on ITS and 5.8S rDNA sequences.

Background: The genus Arachis comprises 80 species and it is subdivided into nine taxonomic sections (Arachis, Caulorrhizae, Erectoides, Extranervosae, Heteranthae, Procumbentes, Rhizomatosae, Trierectoides, and Triseminatae). This genus is naturally confined to South America and most of its species are native to Brazil. In order to provide a better understanding of the evolution of the genus, we reconstructed the phylogeny of 45 species using the variation observed on nucleotide sequences in internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.

Population genetic relationships between Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) varieties occurring sympatrically and allopatrically in different ecosystems in south-east Brazil.

Background And Aims: Species delimitation can be problematic, and recently diverged taxa are sometimes viewed as the extremes of a species' continuum in response to environmental conditions. Using population genetic approaches, this study assessed the relationship between two Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) varieties, which occur sympatrically and allopatrically in the landscape of south-east Brazil, where intermediate types are also found.

Methods: In total, 376 individuals from nine populations in four different ecosystems were sampled, and nine microsatellite markers were used to assess the relative effects of the ecosystems and varieties on the distribution of genetic diversity among populations of this species.

Genetic diversity analysis in the section Caulorrhizae (genus Arachis) using microsatellite markers.

Diversity in 26 microsatellite loci from section Caulorrhizae germplasm was evaluated by using 33 accessions of A. pintoi Krapov. & W.

A linkage map for the B-genome of Arachis (Fabaceae) and its synteny to the A-genome.

Background: Arachis hypogaea (peanut) is an important crop worldwide, being mostly used for edible oil production, direct consumption and animal feed. Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid species with two different genome components, A and B. Genetic linkage maps can greatly assist molecular breeding and genomic studies.

Characterization and transferability of microsatellite markers of the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea).

Background: The genus Arachis includes Arachis hypogaea (cultivated peanut) and wild species that are used in peanut breeding or as forage. Molecular markers have been employed in several studies of this genus, but microsatellite markers have only been used in few investigations. Microsatellites are very informative and are useful to assess genetic variability, analyze mating systems and in genetic mapping.