Publications by authors named "Marco Yu"
Introduction: The utility of retinal photography-derived aging biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline remains under-explored.
Methods: A memory-clinic cohort in Singapore was followed-up for 5 years. RetiPhenoAge, a retinal aging biomarker, was derived from retinal photographs using deep-learning.
Objective: To identify subgroups of angle closure disease by considering age-independent anterior segment parameters.
Methods: Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) was performed in primary angle closure suspect (PACS) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. Clustering analysis using age-independent parameters, anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior vault (AV), posterior corneal arc length (PCAL), and iris area was performed.
Background: Previously, based on retinal photographs, we developed a deep-learning algorithm to predict biological age (termed, RetiAGE) that was associated with future risks of morbidity and mortality. This study specifically aimed to evaluate the performance of RetiAGE in predicting future risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: RetiAGE scores were generated from retinal images in the UK Biobank and stratified into tertiles.
Background: To evaluate the 6-year physiological rates-of-change in ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measured with optical coherence tomography.
Methods: We included 2202 out of 2661 subjects from the population-based Singapore Chinese Eye Study who returned for follow-up 6 years after baseline examination (follow-up rate 87.7%).
Objectives: To determine the association between telomere length (TL) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine the potential variations with sex and ethnicity.
Methods: Population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 52,083 participants from the UK Biobank were included.
Purpose: Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent findings regarding omega-3 fatty acids' protective role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated their association in a prospective cohort and examined causality using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
Design: Prospective cohort study and 2-sample MR analyses.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to establish normal measurements for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) to improve its clinical use in detecting primary angle closure disease (PACD).
- It included 2157 eyes from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, excluding those with previous eye surgeries, where a deep-learning algorithm assessed various anterior chamber measurements.
- Findings showed that anterior chamber depth and width decreased with age and were smaller in females, while lens vault increased; specific percentile cut-offs were identified as effective indicators for detecting PACD.
Article Synopsis
- The study develops a new biological ageing marker called RetiPhenoAge using deep learning algorithms that analyze retinal images to predict phenotypic age, surpassing traditional chronological age evaluations.
- Researchers trained a convolutional neural network on retinal photographs from the UK Biobank to identify patterns linked to various health biomarkers and assess the marker’s effectiveness in predicting morbidity and mortality across three independent cohorts.
- The study also compares RetiPhenoAge with other ageing markers and investigates its relationship with systemic health conditions and genetic factors, employing various statistical models to evaluate risks associated with mortality and illness.
Purpose: Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Design: Two-sample MR analysis.
Aims: To compare the diagnostic performance of 360° anterior segment optical coherence tomography assessment by applying normative percentile cut-offs versus iris trabecular contact (ITC) for detecting gonioscopic angle closure.
Methods: In this multicentre study, 394 healthy individuals were included in the normative dataset to derive the age-specific and angle location-specific normative percentiles of angle open distance (AOD500) and trabecular iris space area (TISA500) which were measured every 10° for 360°. 119 healthy participants and 170 patients with angle closure by gonioscopy were included in the test dataset to investigate the diagnostic performance of three sets of criteria for detection of gonioscopic angle closure: (1) the 10th and (2) the 5th percentiles of AOD500/TISA500, and (3) ITC (ie, AOD500/TISA500=0 mm/mm).
Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of global death. Prospective population-based studies have found that changes in retinal microvasculature are associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Recently, artificial intelligence deep learning (DL) algorithms have been developed for the fully automated assessment of retinal vessel calibres.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high. Identification of cases with CKD or at high risk of developing it is important to tailor early interventions. The objective of this study was to identify blood metabolites associated with prevalent and incident severe CKD, and to quantify the corresponding improvement in CKD detection and prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study examined the link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using data from over 51,000 participants across ten Asian studies, aiming to clarify previous mixed findings on this relationship.
- - Results showed that individuals with CKD had a 46% higher odds of developing late AMD compared to those without, and worse kidney function correlated with increased risk of late AMD, but no significant association was found for early AMD.
- - The findings suggest that while CKD and reduced kidney function are significantly associated with late AMD, early AMD does not appear to have a similar connection, highlighting the importance of monitoring kidney health in aging populations.
Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between chronic kidney disease (CKD) with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness profiles of eyes in Asian and White populations.
Design: Cross-sectional analysis.
Participants: A total of 5066 Asian participants (1367 Malays, 1772 Indians, and 1927 Chinese) from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study (SEED) were included, consisting of 9594 eyes for peripapillary RNFL analysis and 8661 eyes for GCIPL analysis.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to create and validate a deep learning algorithm to automate the annotation of the scleral spur and segmentation of anterior chamber structures in OCT scans, enhancing measurement accuracy for eye parameters.
- - It utilized data from multiple studies on angle-closure disease and employed advanced imaging techniques and specialized neural networks to improve the precision of automated measurements compared to manual methods.
- - Results showed high reliability, with the algorithm achieving a low error rate for scleral spur annotation and excellent similarity in structure segmentation, indicating that automated measurements were closely aligned with those made by human experts.
Objective: The potential of using retinal images as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has gained significant attention, but regulatory approval of such artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is lacking. In this regulated pivotal trial, we validated the efficacy of Reti-CVD, an AI-Software as a Medical Device (AI-SaMD), that utilizes retinal images to stratify CVD risk.
Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, we used data from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center-High Risk (CMERC-HI) Cohort.
Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) in a multiethnic Asian population.
Design: Population-based cohort study.
Participants: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study included 10 033 participants in the baseline examination between 2004 and 2011.
Aims: This study aims to evaluate the ability of a deep-learning-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) retinal biomarker, Reti-CVD, to identify individuals with intermediate- and high-risk for CVD.
Methods And Results: We defined the intermediate- and high-risk groups according to Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE), QRISK3, and modified Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Reti-CVD's prediction was compared to the number of individuals identified as intermediate- and high-risk according to standard CVD risk assessment tools, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to assess the results.
Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for management of corneal ectasia after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
Methods: CXL was performed on 18 eyes of 16 patients either with LASIK flap lift (n = 9; 365 nm, 30 mW/cm, 4 minutes, pulse) or with transepithelial flap-on (n = 9 eyes; 365 nm, 3 mW/cm, 30 minutes) technique. Postoperative change in maximum keratometry (Kmax), anterior elevation, posterior elevation, spherical equivalent (SE), logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), aberrations, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated at 12 months postoperatively.
Background: Currently in the United Kingdom, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is based on the QRISK3 score, in which 10% 10-year CVD risk indicates clinical intervention. However, this benchmark has limited efficacy in clinical practice and the need for a more simple, non-invasive risk stratification tool is necessary. Retinal photography is becoming increasingly acceptable as a non-invasive imaging tool for CVD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To investigate the extent of iris trabecular contact (ITC) measured by anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) and its association with primary angle-closure (PAC) and PAC glaucoma (PACG) in eyes with gonioscopic angle-closure and to determine the diagnostic performance of ITC for detection of gonioscopic angle-closure.
Design: Multicenter, prospective study.
Participants: A total of 119 healthy participants with gonioscopic open-angle and 170 patients with gonioscopic angle-closure (94 with PAC suspect and 76 with PAC/PACG) were included.
Purpose: To compare the rates of peripapillary vessel density (pVD) loss and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
Methods: Baseline age and severity-matched NTG and PACG eyes (75 eyes of 60 patients for each subtype) were observed longitudinally. All participants' RNFL thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT); pVD were measured by swept-source OCT-angiography (OCT-A) and quantified by a customised MATLAB program.
Purpose: To investigate serum cholesterol efflux capacity (the ability of the serum to accept cholesterol) and factors that regulate it using nuclear magnetic resonance-quantified measures of lipoprotein particle composition and size and apolipoproteins metrics in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Design: Case-control study.
Participants: Four hundred two serum samples from 80 patients with early AMD (eAMD), and 212 patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD), including 80 with typical nAMD (tAMD) and 132 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and 110 age- and gender matched control participants.
Introduction: To compare intrasession agreement and repeatability of wavefront aberration measurements from three different aberrometers obtained using Hartmann-Shack, ray tracing and automated retinoscopy methods, as well as their interdevice agreement.
Methods: Three consecutive measurements were obtained using the Pentacam AXL Wave, the iTrace and the OPD-Scan III in 47 eyes of 47 patients. Wavefront refractions, root mean square of total aberrations (RMS total), RMS of higher-order aberrations (HOA) and second-, third- and fourth-order HOAs were exported for 4-mm pupils.
Prcis: This study demonstrated significant differences in ultra-short-term IOP fluctuations, measured by a contact lens sensor between progressive and stable PACG eyes, during the first one hour after falling asleep.
Purpose: To identify the most sensitive period for detecting significant ultra-short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation associated with disease progression in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
Materials And Methods: PACG eyes, which had been followed up for over 2 years under the CUHK PACG Longitudinal (CUPAL) Study, were recruited.